The production of green crops, primarily salads, is one of the promising areas of greenhouse vegetable growing. The grounds for this are: year-round demand in the market for fresh greens, high profitability of production, the presence of a wide range of varieties and hybrids belonging to different varieties, an increased level of food culture of the population. The article describes the nutritional value of fresh vegetable greens - lettuce, describes the requirements for consumer characteristics, imposed by the enacted State Standard 33985-2016 “Lettuce. Endive curly, endive Eskariol fresh. Technical conditions”, features of packing, transportation and storage of lettuce are presented. It is established that the leaves of lettuce contain a significant amount of malic, citric and succinic acids, about 2% carbohydrates, 1.5% protein, 0.5% fiber. A large number of trace elements such as manganese, cobalt, copper, iodine and zinc, an excellent ratio in the salad of potassium and sodium. Pigments are represented, including carotene and xanthophyll (from 2.0 to 2.7 mg / 100 g), anthocyanins are present in the colored varieties of lettuce. According to the content of phenolic compounds (represented by cinnamic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids), leaf varieties are distinguished - up to 192 mg / 100 g, rosette leaves of a head of lettuce - 113-127 mg / 100 g depending on the commercial grade, described unacceptable defects of vegetable greens, methods of laying and specific uniformity of lettuce in the packaging unit.

Use of active technologies of meat-processing production suggests to use functional food ingredients as a part of a brine of delicious meat products, allowing is directed to affect functional and technological qualities of initial raw materials and to control quality of tselnomyshechny meat products in the course of production. Bactoferm F-SC is the 111th this excipient used for preparation of the fermented sausages and tselnokuskovy meat products, for the accelerated decrease рН the environment. Combinations of strains of Lactobacilluscurvatus and Staphylococcuscarnosus enter medicine. At a research of influence of bacterial substance on functional and technological indicators of meat raw materials revealed that salting time of meat raw materials is reduced by 1.5 times, the exit of finished goods to 2.1 % increases. Use of bacterial medicine promoted increase in moisture content by 0.3 %. Tests of the meat products ripening in the presence of bacterial medicine of starting culture «Bactoferm F-SC - 111», had strongly expressed meat taste and the same drawing on a cross-section.

Presents an analysis of the technology of production of sausage products, for example meat loaves using the method of IDEF0. The technology includes the main stages are: Method of obtaining includes the following stages: preparation of the compound components, the preparation of the composition (in percentage), technological processing (grinding of raw material, heat treatment), shaping, cooling, filling, packaging, labelling, storage. Processing of raw materials is carried out using mechano-acoustic effects (MAV), thereby obtaining a product with a homogenized sedimentation-resistant system and a prolonged shelf life. In order to substantiate the principles for product quality management, the analysis of the product life cycle was carried out with the construction of a block of schemes according to the IDEF0 method.

This paper provides the results of study of using chickpea flour to manufacture Alaska Pollock farce with increased water content (over 80 %). We studied chemical composition, as well as functional and technological properties of chickpea flour, which demonstrate its usefulness as a water-binding, water-retaining and structure-forming additive to manufacture Alaska Pollock farce. We explored the impact of chickpea flour on functional and technological properties of Alaska Pollock farce, in particular, on its water-retaining capacity, loss of mass by finished products during heat treatment and organoleptic parameters of finished products. Based on the research conducted, we found the optimal concentration for adding chickpea flour into the fish farce, which is 10.0 % to the total raw mass input. Analysis of the results shows that as to nutritional value, Alaska Pollock farce with added chickpea flour is better than the control sample, due to increased level of protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and mineral substances. Based on the data obtained, we find it perspective to manufacture Alaska Pollock farce with added chickpea flour of 10.0 % to the total raw mass input, so that to improve its functional and technological properties, as well as nutritional value, and increase the ratio of using domestically produced vegetable additives by the fish industry.

Plum fruits have harmonious taste qualities and valuable biochemical composition. Plum is characterized by a low content of vitamin C, but in combination with high concentrations of phenolic compounds, is of great value as a source of antioxidants. The problem of improving the quality and ensuring the safety of food products is not only relevant, but is also one of the most important economic problems at the present stage. The aim of the research was to study the quality and safety of fresh plums sold in retail trade. It has been established that in the stores of the retail trade network «Dixi» (Chelyabinsk city) fresh plums are being realized, not only satisfying the requirements of the quality of the current regulatory documents, but also products belonging to a category such as «waste». Excellent organoleptic indicators (attractive appearance, bright color scale) of the studied products were not always consistent with high nutritional value. Thus, benign fractions of the Hungarian and Renclaw plums had the most acceptable taste characteristics and high nutrient content, but due to the content of rotten fruits in the overall product sample, they should not be in free implementation. The highest commodity grade of plum mirabel established during the quality assessment did not guarantee its high nutritional value. The content in the Renclod plums and the mirabel of toxic elements (lead and cadmium) was significantly lower than the level found in the fruits of Chinese plum and Hungarian. The need for additional pre-sales preparation and sorting of the fruits of the Hungarian and Rencloid plums is identified, which will allow to increase not only the quality and safety of products, the culture of customer service, but also to extend the shelf life of commodity lots of fresh plums in general.

The studies were conducted in the period from 1988 to 2017 in twelve potato farms of Novosibirsk, Kemerovo regions and Altai. The list of economically significant harmful organisms in potato agroecosystems of forest-steppe of Western Siberia and their classification according to life strategies is given. In potato agroecosystems are dominated by K (Kr) - strategies: multi-year weeds, wireworms (click beetles), Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Phoma, scab, bacterial, Ditylenchus, viral diseases (72,2 %). Population with r (rK) -strategies: one-year weeds, Colorado potato beetle, late blight and early blight (27,8 %). It is shown, that seed tubers in farms are always infected with sclerotial form of the causative agent of Rhizoctonia, in some cases up to 80 %. The proportion of tubers bacteriosis is about 2 % (up to 20 %), stem nematode in some years reached 19,5 %. Tubers affected by late blight in the region, meet after years epiphitoties the development of the disease reaching 5,8 %. It is shown that the greatest period of survival in the soil is characterized by harmful organisms with K (Kr) life cycle strategy: 5-6 years or more for certain species. Оne-year weed plants are characterized mainly by r (rK) life cycle strategy, have high seed productivity and a wide ecological niche. It was found that the stock of seeds of weed plants in the arable horizon ranges from 8,6 to 22,5 million/ha with a predominance of Amaránthus retrofléxus and Panicum miliaceum. Multi-year weeds mainly with adaptations to (Kr) -strategists form a reserve of powerful underground vegetative mass. Species with r-strategy are more adapted to the development of ground-air environment, forming a significant number of zoospores, conidia, seeds, etc. In the developed system of monitoring and forecast of harmful organisms into account their adaptation to the development of the main factors in adapting to the soil, seed material, development of ground-air environment.

The morpho-physiological indicators of the peripheral blood of the Yakut and Prilensk horses were studied depending on their habitat in different climatic zones of Yakutia. Studies were conducted in the farms of Ust-Aldan, Nyurbinsky and Khangalassky districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). In each selected farm, research groups were selected from among clinically healthy horses with 50 heads each at the age of 5-6 years based on the principle of analogues. The studies were covered two seasons of the year: in winter and spring, under usual conditions of horses. As a result of the research, was found a significant difference in the hemoglobin level in the blood of horses within the Yakut breed depending on their territorial affiliation P (M1-M2) <0.05 (123.0 ± 0.25 g / l; 114 ± 0.38 g / l). A higher level of erythrocyte counts in peripheral blood was observed in Yakut breed horses in the Nyurbinsky district (7.02 ± 0.72 million / μl.), and the lowest - in horses of the same breed in the Ust-Aldan region (6.2 ± 0.31 million mcl). There is no significant difference between horse breeds.The results of morphophysiological studies of peripheral blood indicate the specificity of the adaptive response of the body of the Yakut and Prilensk horse breeds to extremely low temperatures, poor nutrition in the winter, lack of food in the spring are characterized by seasonal regulation of protein metabolism.

Under present-day conditions of market economy, the requirements to the quality and quantity of livestock products increase significantly, and this leads to significant intensification of production and, as a consequence, to the development of metabolic disorders including ketosis in highly productive cows. The research goal was to study protein and mineral metabolism in ketotic cows before and after calving. The studies were conducted on the Training Farm «Prigorodnoye» in the City of Barnaul in autumn and winter in comparable Black-Pied cows. Two groups of cows were formed: the trial group consisted of ketotic cows; the control group consisted of apparently healthy cows. These cows underwent clinical and biochemical examination. The biochemical study of blood determined the following: total protein, albumins, alpha-globulins, beta-globulins, gamma-globulins, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus and ketone bodies. The biochemical blood tests were run 4 times: 2 months and 1 month before calving, and in 10 days and in 1 month after calving. It was found that the change of protein metabolism indices in ketotic cows showed a profound disorder of the protein synthesis function of liver both before and after calving. The level of total calcium in the blood of ketotic cows was characterized by lower values as compared to that in healthy comparable cows. At the same time, the dynamics of inorganic phosphorus concentration change did not have significant differences between ketotic and healthy cows. Total calcium content in ketotic cows increased one month before calving while in apparently healthy cows this index increased after calving only. The concentration of ketone bodies in the blood of ketotic cows was significantly higher than that of apparently healthy cows throughout the study.

One of the major challenges facing livestock breeding is to increase milk production of dairy cattle. In this case, the excessive functional stress of highly productive cows often leads to metabolic process disorders. Ketosis stands out among the pathologies that are characterized by metabolic disorders; in ketosis, the most pronounced changes are found in lipid metabolism. Ketosis is the most pronounced during the first few weeks after calving. The research goal was to study lipid metabolism in ketotic cows before and after calving. The studies were conducted on the Training Farm «Prigorodnoye» in the City of Barnaul in autumn and winter. The research targets were comparable ketotic and apparently healthy Black-Pied cows. Two groups of cows were formed: the trial group consisted of ketotic cows; the control group consisted of apparently healthy cows. These cows underwent clinical and biochemical examination. The clinical study was carried out according to standard practices. The biochemical study of blood determined the following: total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, total ketone bodies and their fractions (acetone with acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid). The biochemical blood tests were run 3 times: 1 month before calving, in 10 days and in 1 month after calving. It was found that ketosis in cows was accompanied by significant lipid metabolic disorder and its degree increased significantly after calving. In ketotic cows before calving, increased concentration of triglycerides, ketone bodies and their fractions were found. After calving, decreased levels of triglycerides, decreased ratios of ketone body fractions and increased levels of ketone bodies and their fractions in blood were found. As for clinical manifestations, ketosis in cows was characterized by acetonemic, gastroenteric and hepatotoxic syndromes.

The global trend in the production and consumption of food products is the use of food ingredients of natural origin. One of the most valuable sources of biologically active nutrients is pollen of honey bees. Our work is aimed at the development of technology for the production and evaluation of the characteristics of fermented yogurt product with Siberian bee pollen of different terms of collection. To do this, we assessed physico-chemical parameters of bee pollen of the different timing of collection in the apiary s. Kama Kuibyshev district of Novosibirsk region, developed the technology of preparation of dairy products with the addition of bee pollen load; studied the physico-chemical, microbiological and organoleptic characteristics of the obtained dairy products and determined the role of the Siberian bee pollen load different terms of collection in biotechnology yogurt products.

Onboard food is one of the components of normal flight tolerance. At enterprises for the production of on-board meals, ready meals and culinary products are produced, and their sale and consumption are organized. The purpose of the research was to study the features of manning and the quality of meals onboard food in the conditions of «Catering «Koltsovo» (the city of Yekaterinburg). As an object of research, a meat snack from the meals of the economy class food was used. In the course of physical and chemical tests, it has been established that the quality of raw materials (cheese of Dutch, boiled-smoked sausage and corn canned) used to make snacks, the content of table salt, moisture, foreign impurities, toxic metals (cadmium, lead) Regulated requirements. At the enterprise under study every technological stage is taken: storage, preparation, bundling of onboard food. On-board meals are prepared using high-tech equipment of Russian, Italian and German companies with observance of the temperature regime. Examination of the on-board dish revealed that the meat snack was placed in a disposable plate and packed in a polymer film with sealed ends from both sides. The label is marked on the package, the label contains the date of manufacture of the snack, the flight number of the aircraft and the shift. Organoleptic parameters of meat snacks, as well as sodium chloride content, average dish mass meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents. The onboard food prepared in conditions «Catering «Koltsovo», distinguish excellent taste qualities and attractive appearance.

The carried-out literary review on toxoplasmosis and cystoizosporosis of carnivorous has shown that it is activators from group of protozoa. Types - Toxoplasma gondii, C. felis and C. rivolta parasitize at cats, Cystoisospora ohioensis at dogs, proceed most often in a subclinical form, are registered at all seasons of the year. Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. The disease is quite common and can infect most types of warm-blooded animals,,, including,, humans. Puppies and kittens are most often exposed to disease in the first months of life. This disease is widespread because its carriers could be found absolutely everywhere. Cats and dogs are the most popular pets. People directly contact with them. In Europe, Russia take up a middle position. Up to 30 % of the population is infected. Approximately one in a thousand babies are infected with toxoplasmosis. It can develop completely unnoticed and cause unpleasant complications during pregnancy. The disease can also cause vision impairment or convulsive seizures. That is why it is better to know everything about toxoplasmosis. This is especially important if you have a cat or a dog, because pets are often very close to us. We should properly take care of our pets and keep them healthy.

The use of raw materials obtained from the products of river and sea fishing in the technology of melted cheeses is a promising direction of food combinatorics. The aim of the work was to study and develop the technology of processed cheese enriched with meat ща salted rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). At the stage of development of the formulation of the combined product, the dosages of introducing the crushed fish fillet in the range from 2 % to 15 % to the mass of the raw material were tested. The fish meat was introduced at the stage of preparation of the mixture and during the melting of the cheese mass. The dosage of the fish component in the amount of 10 % introduced into the mass at the initial stage of melting the product is justified. The analysis of the microstructure of the produced cheeses showed that with the increase in the melting temperature and the amount of fish introduced, the tissues of the latter form a threadlike structure in the product, penetrating the components of the cheese mass. The effective melting temperature of the combined mixture is 85 °C, which allows to obtain a high-quality product. Increasing the melting temperature from 70 °C to 90 °C contributes to a systematic decrease in viscosity and yield strength of the cheese mass by 29 % from 82 to 58 Pa. The shelf life of enriched processed cheese, which is 50 days. During the storage period of the finished product, microbiological stability is noted against the background of a decrease in the active acidity of cheese from pH 5.87 to pH 5.54.

For successful denitrification in the body of dairy cattle in zootechnical practice are widely used feed additives with adsorption and antioxidant properties, which, linking nitrates and nitrites in the digestive system, are able to effectively eliminate these toxic compounds in the body. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the adsorbent ekosil and the antioxidant Hadox on the digestibility and digestibility of the nutrients of the diet of lactating cows with a subtoxic dose of nitrates in feed. This article presents the results of studies showing that to increase the milk productivity of dairy cows in diets with a subtoxic dose of nitrates, it is advisable to include ecoosil adsorbent in a dose of 4 kg / ton of feed and an antioxidant Hadox dose of 125 g / ton of feed. It was established that joint approved drugs contributed to the intensification of the processes of digestive metabolism by optimizing the denitrification reaction. This resulted in a significant (P <0.05) increase in dairy cattle 3 of the experimental group versus a control group of dry matter digestibility by 3.28, organic matter by 3.22 %, crude protein by 3.52 %, crude fiber - by 3.07 % and BEV - by 3.25 %. Due to better denitrification under the joint effect of Ecosil and Hadox preparations in animals 3 of the experimental group, the digestibility of raw protein in the ration was optimized, which, against the control group, showed a significant (P <0.05) increase in the amount of nitrogen excreted in milk by 9.34 % and daily the deposition of this element in the body - by 51.43 %. Due to the synergism of the action of the adsorbent and antioxidant in milk of dairy cattle 3 of the experimental group, during the day, there was a significant (P <0.05) more calcium and phosphorus or it was postponed during the same time in the body more of these macronutrients than in the control.

The analysis of the state of sheep breeding in the period from the 80-ies of the last century to the present time, the ways of development of the industry are outlined.

Technological audit of dairy farms in the Novosibirsk region revealed the main problems of keeping, feeding and breeding animals, causing a decrease in production efficiency. Only about 30 % of enterprises with a cow yield of less than 7000 kg per lactation harvest high quality feed. At the same time, on average for three years from 24 to 68 % of the harvested forages were classified as non-class according to the analyzed samples from 15 districts of the region. More than 60 % of the surveyed farms are characterized by poor animal hygiene. Conducted late or not carried out functional hoof trimming. The share of enterprises using only artificial insemination of cows is low, the frequency of gynecological diseases is high. The technology of young growth is not observed. Almost all indicators of such enterprises are significantly different from the reference (with milk yield of cows over 7000 kg). Critical to achieving such productivity are technological discipline, including climate, proper feeding and milking, availability of qualified specialists and herd management system.

To reduce the risk of accumulation of heavy metals in the meat of fattened young cattle successfully used adsorbents that bind toxins and removed from the digestive tract. The detoxification effect of adsorbents increases with the skillful selection of enzyme preparations due to the synergy of action. The aim of the research is to study the effect of toxfin adsorbent and the enzyme preparation celloviridin G20x in the diets with high content of heavy metals on the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood of fattened bulls. According to the principle of pairs-analogues (taking into account the origin, sex, age, live weight) were formed 4 groups of 10 heads each. The research material is processed statistically using the software package «Microsoft Excel». In the composition of the winter diet of animals of all groups there was an excess of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) in zinc level by 67.3-67.5 %, lead -by 63.4-64.6 % and cadmium - by 62.9-63.1 %, in the summer diet - by 66.4-66.6 %, 61.4-61.6 % and 60.6-60.8 %. This article presents experimental material showing that to optimize the morphological and biochemical composition of blood and increase the detoxification effect in the body of bulls on fattening should be in the diet with high levels of heavy metals together to introduce IEC celloviridin G20h at a dose of 70 g/t feed and adsorbent toxfin at a dose of 1 kg/t feed. At the same time, animals of the 3rd experimental group showed improvement of morphological and biochemical composition of blood and optimization of protective properties of their organism. The highest detoxification effect was obtained by co-feeding the tested drugs, so that in the blood of bulls of the 3 experimental group there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the concentration of zinc by 2.23 times, lead by 2.43 and cadmium by 3.00 times. At the same time, in no case in animals of the 3 experimental group in the blood there was no excess of MPC in terms of zinc, lead and cadmium.

Modern diagnostic laboratory methods and application of biochemical parameters of blood will allow to determine the pathological process, determine its cause, degree of development, and prognosis. The introduction of these principles can be useful in the development and correction of health measures. The aim of this work is to identify pathognomonic metabolic signs of mycotoxicosis in cattle. In the work, highly productive cows, with clinical signs of intoxication syndrome were examined, and laboratory studies of feed confirmed the availability of metabolites of fungi.Metabolic parameters of the examined group of cows were studied in a comparative aspect with clinically healthy animals in this agricultural enterprise that were examined a year earlier.Conducted investigations have established that the use of feed, contaminated by toxic fungal metabolites leads to the development of symptoms in animals chronic toxemia.Clinical signs are the development of diarrhea and dehydration, and there is a decrease in milk production.The pathological changes that occur in toxemia lead to metabolic disturbances, which can be identified by laboratory diagnostic methods.The pathological process is accompanied by the appearance of severe form of acidosis, including renal tubular acidosis (a decrease in bicarbonate blood capacity, hyperchloremia, hyperphosphatemia, globulinemia, hypokalemia, hypercreatininaemia).Metabolic acidosis predetermines the violation of many types of metabolism, including protein, carbohydrate, mineral and lipid.The pathology of the hepato-biliary system of predominantly toxic etiology is a high percentage in the structure of diseases.Other important metabolic symptoms include the development of the inflammatory process (leukocytosis, an increase in the number of segmented neutrophils and circulating immune complexes), an increase in signs of allergization (eosinophilia, monocytophilia), as well as general intoxication (predominance of abnormal forms of erythrocytes, hypoglycemia).