There has been investigated the innovative component of the agro-industrial complex as a key factor to ensure food security of the Russian Federation. Basing on statistical data, there have been analyzed the current situation and results of production in the Russian agro-industrial complex. There has been revealed the influence of the innovative component of the agro-industrial complex ensuring the country’s food security. It is proved that agriculture can fulfill the tasks assigned to it, only if it is surrounded by an economic and legal environment, which takes into account the necessary completeness, the inherent differences. It is substantiated that the integrated system of agricultural assessment should be at the center of attention of the state administration and be implemented not sporadically, but permanently, in accordance with the demand for agricultural products. The grain farming can become a promising export resource under certain conditions such as reorganizing radically the procurement system, improving warehouse and transport infrastructure, saving seed material and reaching price parities for agricultural products and the means of their production. The necessity of applying state co-financing as the main form of state support for innovative development is substantiated. In the long term, the agricultural industry will be profitable and it will be able to function mainly without state subsidies.

The results of the studies indicate an increase in the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat grain subjected to infrared irradiation in the production of feed molasses. It was found that the duration of enzymatic hydrolysis of grain to significant concentrations of sugars in feed molasses is reduced by 2 times and energy costs are reduced by 40 %, and the concentration of sugars increases at the end of the process by 4.0 % compared to existing technologies.

Results of comparative assessment of indicators of meat efficiency of thoroughbred baranchik of the Karachay breed and the hybrids received from crossing of the Karachay ewes with producers of edilbayevsky breed used for increase in meat efficiency of sheep are given in article. The comparative analysis of meat efficiency of thoroughbred baranchik of the Karachay breed and half-blooded Karachay x эдильбай the hybrids which are grown up on mountain pastures of various vertical zonality is carried out. The characteristic of lethal qualities, morphological composition of hulks and nutrition value of lamb of experimental animals is given. It is established that the vertical zonality of pastures as an environmental factor has significant effect on quality indicators of meat of local baranchik. The local baranchik which were contained in conditions of subalpine pastures of a mountain zone (at the height up to 1800 m of N at. m) show rather high precocity and meat efficiency. At 4-month age, surpass the thoroughbred Karachay peers who were contained on subalpine pastures at the height of 800-1800 m of N at in an absolute exit of junctures of the I grade. m for 20,6 %; on the Alpine pastures at height of N at. m of 1800-2600 m of N at. m - for 14,3 %; in 6 monthly age - for 22,8 and 15,7 % respectively.

A comparative test of the viability of the fodder complex «Alhalal», containing in its composition of microalgae and lactic acid bacteria on chickens-broilers. A positive result was obtained, confirmed by a number of Exo-endogenous indicators.

Each year, out of more than 350 thousand tons of grapes entering the industrial centers of Russia, a part of the production turns out to be non-standard due to a high percentage of spoilage of berries en route, especially grapes of own production, and a significant part of the harvested and harvested crop does not reach the consumer due to quality loss and presentation in the period of transportation. The aim of the research was to evaluate the quality of fresh table grapes sold in retail chains of the city of Chelyabinsk. It is established that the quality of fresh table grapes sold in the shops of the Molniya trade network was at a higher level. So, samples of grapes «Victoria» corresponded to the requirements of the highest commodity grade, the sample of grapes «Kishmish Zhemchuzhina» - the first grade. The presence of bunches with decayed berries in the grapes «White Miracle» allowed him to refer it to «waste». Table grapes sold in stores «Magnet», was less competitive. Thus, in the samples of the «Julian» grapes, a significant (2.9 %) content of crumbled berries was found, in the samples of «Taifi» grapes - bunches with cracked berries (1.7 %). Grapes «Julian» additionally determined a relatively high percentage (6.8 %) of non-integer grapes. Also found are copies of grape bunches with decayed and crushed berries, which is not allowed by regulated requirements. The revealed necessity of additional pre-sale preparation and sorting of fresh table grapes sold in chain stores will allow to increase not only the quality and safety of products, customer service culture, but also extend the shelf life of commodity lots, increase turnover and sales of fresh products in general.

The order of organization and holding of food fairs, veterinary and sanitary requirements for the sale of food products at the fairs and the features of their veterinary and sanitary examination are considered. Control studies of selected samples of meat of different species of animals, meat products, milk and dairy products, fish and fish products, honey and plant products, as well as feed for non-productive animals that were received at the fair for sale.

The article deals with the optimization of the process of developing sterilization regimes for vegetable heterogeneous products for the production of benign canned food. When developing sterilization regimes for vegetable products, the value of the thermal stability of Clostridium botulinum spores is taken into account. The calculation of the thermal stability of microorganisms (DT) was carried out taking into account the pH of the product. During the heating of heterogeneous canned food, the components had a different pH value. It has been experimentally established that in order to obtain preliminary data on the determination of DT in heterogeneous vegetable products, it is advisable to use the capillary method, and to obtain more accurate parameters for the thermal stability of the test-microbial spores, it is necessary to use metal test containers of a special design. This will allow more accurate calculation of the parameters of sterilization regimes, which is especially important in the production of canned food for baby food.

The use of dry milk products in the Russian Federation is extremely wide and takes a significant place in the nutrition of the population. However, not always the products of agricultural production are safe with respect to the content of ecotoxicants. In this regard, the purpose of our research was to study the nutritional value and safety of dry dairy products (skimmed milk, cheese and curd whey) produced at the Chebarkul Milk Plant (Chelyabinsk Region). It has been established that curd whey has a rich mineral composition, namely calcium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium, sodium. The amount of protein in the dried canned milk studied corresponds to the regulated standards of State Standards 33629-2015 and 53492-2009. In all samples of products there are spherical protein micelles: in the size from 10 to 70 microns - in skim milk and whey whey, the size from 10 to 120 microns - in curd whey. Features of the fractional composition of proteins and technological features of the production of dry dairy products determine the percentage of destruction of protein molecules. The quantitative content of lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury canned food in the analyzed samples allows to establish the conformity of products to the regulated requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 021/2011.

Kefir is one of the oldest traditional fermented milk products, while it is very popular in Russia. Kefir contains mineral components, vitamins, essential amino acids, as well as several varieties of probiotic bacteria, which is so useful for health and important for nutrition. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the quality of kefir produced by the Center for the Protection of Rights (the village of Nizhnaya Sanarka, Troitsky district, Chelyabinsk region). Kefir 2.5 and 3.2 % fat content were used as an object of research. It was found that the samples of the drink under study were packed in clean, sealed bags of polymer film and in white bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate. The marking of the investigated kefir samples was incomplete (there was no sign «degree», the sign «To protect from sunlight», etc.) or incorrect (distorted terminology, numerical value of regulated quality indicators, etc.), and often - difficult to read, which violates the requirements of the state standard 51074-2003, the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 022/2011 and 005/2011. In kefir 2.5 % fat, an excessively liquid consistency, an empty, unexpressed taste, a low acidity is detected, which indicates its immaturity and the inconsistency of quality with the current standards. The quality of kefir 3.2 % fat content complied with the requirements of the normative documents the state standard 31454-2012, the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 033/2013. Such toxic elements as cadmium and lead in the samples of kefir were absent. According to Article 3 of the Federal Law No. 29 of 02.01.2000 «On the quality and safety of food products’ yogurt produced by the «Center for the Protection of Rights’ was recognized as improper implementation in retail trade.

The article provides a comparative assessment of the requirements for the quality of ketchup in Russia and the United States. Differences in requirements relate to many indicators, including consistency. It is shown that the viscosity of ketchups is achieved in two ways: by the introduction of a certain amount of thickeners, or the development of recipes based on a special tomato paste made using the Hot Break technology. The task of the study was to determine the viscous characteristics of ketchups of different names, to select equipment for determining the viscosity of products in the factory laboratory conditions and to formulate prescriptions with specified parameters.

The spread of radiation technologies requires the control of irradiated food raw materials.The possibility of identification of irradiated meat and fish raw materials by bone and pulp tissues, for fish raw materials also by skin with scales has been Experimentally established. The area of the EPR signal of samples of bone tissue in meat raw materials and samples of scales from the fish skin the raw materials most sensitive to amplitude variations with a high degree of correlation (up to 0.99).

Three experiments were carried out to improve the meat productivity of pigs of Large White (LW) breed of russian selection by different variants of crossing with the Yorkshire (Y) breed of canadian selection. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of reproductive qualities. Two-breed pigs (LW x Y) grew more intensively and the live weight of the piglet at the 30 days was 8,7 kg, which is higher than in the other groups with a significant difference (P <0,05). When the live weight of 100 kg was reached, the вackfat thickness of the fat over 6-7 thoracic vertebrae was 26,3 mm compared to 30,7 mm in purebred pigs of the LW of the breed (P <0,001), the area of the muscular eye was respectively 45,1 cm 2 and 30,6 cm 2 (P <0,001). In the fourth generation of reproductive and absorbent crossing of pigs of LW and Y of breeds, the thickness of the fat on the carcasses of pigs was 21,2 mm (Р < 0.001), which is 30-39 % less than for the LW carcasses, the area of the muscular eye was 44 mm. In three-breed hybrids (LW x D) x L, the age of reaching 100kg was less by 12,5 days (P <0,01), the thickness of the fat was 23,6 mm, that is, it was 11,4 mm less (P < 0,001) in comparison with the control group. The replacement pigs obtained from the absorbent crossing (LW x Y) x Y showed the best results for the вackfat thickness - 19,2 mm, but they were inferior to the purebred Y (13,0 mm) (P <0,001). In the sows of this combination, 11,6 piglets were born alive, the number of piglets at weaning was 10,6, the weight of the nest in the 30-day was 78,7 kg. Differences in the frequency of occurrence of certain antigenic factors of blood in animals of different combinations of breeds are revealed. In animals that have the EAE allele edf, a higher growth rate is revealed, but thicker the backfat.

Results of researches on studying of influence of sowing time on productivity and quality of grain of grades of a winter wheat in the conditions of ecological zones of Kabardino-Balkar Republic are given in article. Researches were conducted in three various soil and climatic zones of Kabardino-Balkaria: steppe, foothill and mountain. Grades of winter soft wheat were objects of researches: Southerner, Tcheget, Winner. The purpose of researches - to study influence of sowing time on productivity and quality of grain. Results of researches have shown that grades differently reacted to sowing time, but the greatest productivity on them is received at crops in a steppe zone from September 25 to October 5 that makes 5,0-5,56 and 4,9-5,2Ô/hectare. At crops in later terms (on October 15 and 25) the productivity on grades decreases on 0,41-1,15Ô/hectare. The similar picture was observed also on other zones. As a result of the conducted researches optimum sowing time is established on zones of cultivation and grades, that is one of methods of formation of high productivity (5,0-5,5; 5,44-5,78 and 5,61-5,85Ô/hectare) and the best quality of grain. In the best options protein content in grades was 14,5 % and glutens of 30,4 %. Conditions of a steppe zone, warm and dry weather during the spring and summer period promoted receiving better grain.

The results of studies aimed at comparing turkey of the live weight of the middle and heavy cross Hybrid breeds with a white broad-chested rock were carried out. The study of the live mass and its growth dynamics over the periods of cultivation was carried out by weighing. The growth rate was estimated by absolute, daily and relative increments of live weight. According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that hybrid «Hybrid» and its crosses have a higher genetic potential of productivity, have high rates of growth and its intensity, which allows before slaughtering at 120 and 150 days, depending on the cross, to obtain turkeys with a high live weight of 10.83-23.20 kg, respectively.

Now science many the agrotechnical antierosion receptions directed to detention of thawed and storm snow, reduction of washout of the soil and increase in productivity of crops are offered. However these erosion-preventive actions can give effect when are tested in various regions taking into account features of an environment of the republic. In the republic about 49 % of the territory make slope lands. For this reason studying of this subject and development of effective measures of fight against displays of a water erosion is a relevant task.

Corn is the third culture on economic value in world production of grain what an important role I have played her continuous selection and genetic improvement in. In this regard production of seeds and grain of hybrids of corn is the most successfully developing direction in agrarian branch of the republic. In new economic conditions specification and unification of methods of assessment of efficiency of the held events for protection of plants of stabilization of a grain agrotsenoz on the basis of regulation of number of harmful types is required. The carried-out research work on experimental crops of corn of ISH KBNTs RAS is devoted to this subject.

The carried-out analysis shows lack of any developed strategy of development of mountain territories and complex development of pasture land economy in the region without what creation of scientifically based system of their improvement and use is impossible that inevitably leads to system degradation of mountain ecosystems, strengthening erosive processes, reducing efficiency and quality of the most valuable mountain flora of meadow communities and her ecological activity. In this regard, for rational expenditure of the available fodder resources, development of evidence-based methodology of effective use of natural mountain grounds by economic entities of different forms of ownership and increase in the production of environmentally friendly production is necessary. Along with accounting of the livestock of animals which is contained on mountain pastures and efficiency of fodder grounds, it is necessary to carry out monitoring regarding botanical structure of a mountain fitotsenoz, nutritional value of herbs, the vegetative period taking into account vertical zonality and an arrangement of expositions, a possibility of providing livestock farms with a watering place, access roads, arrangement of infrastructure.

The comparative characteristic of productivity and nutritional value of the pasturable herbs located at different heights above sea level in Haymash natural boundaries, Aursentkh, Nizhny Novgorod the Dagger is carried out. The efficiency and botanical composition of herbage depends on vertical zonality and an arrangement of expositions. It is studied influence of fitotsenoz of mountain fodder grounds on milk efficiency of cows, quality, technological properties and economic efficiency of production of milk. Pasturage of cows on the raznotravnykh mountain pastures promotes increase in milk efficiency, quality of milk and dairy products. Production of milk on mountain pastures is effective, the level of profitability is 40 % and more. Content of milk fat and white is higher than standard requirements.

The study of ecological adaptability of different economic and biological indicators of intensive varieties of grain and leguminous crops for use in feed grain-grass crop rotation is aimed at increasing the production of high-quality concentrated feed. Objects of research: intensive varieties of spring wheat, barley, lupine (yellow, narrow - leaved and white), peas (sowing and field-PELs) and soybeans. In 3 experiments 13 varieties of spring wheat, 7 varieties of spring barley and 16 varieties of 6 types of legumes were studied. It was found that the adaptability of spring wheat, barley and peas against the background of intensive technology on a set of indicators above other cultures. The main stressor wheat varieties in the experiments, the deficiency of moisture and heat in the initial period of the growing season, spring barley - diseases (rust, leaf spot) pea pests (pea moth), Lupin, weeds and diseases, soy - sensitivity, lack of heat, weeds and disease.. On intensive soil fertility varieties of spring wheat «Lyubava», «Kamenka», «Madam», «Zlata» and «Rook» shaped grain crop at 7.3-8.0 t/ha, spring barley «Reliable» - 7.0 t/ha and peas «Before-100”-3,4 t/ha. the results of the comparison of the chemical composition and nutritional value of grain of different crops varieties have confirmed a special feeding value of soybean (14.5 and 15.3 MJ of energy; of 37.8-42.8 % of crude protein; The 17.8 was 23.0 crude fat in 1 kg DM), high contents of certain nutrients in the grain, other kinds: crude protein in yellow lupine (41,0 %) and white (of 37.3 and 39.9 %, respectively), starch - in cereals and peas (38,5 vs. 50.6 %), crude fiber - blue lupine (14,5-22,1 %), especially in determinantal varieties (of 20.9-22.1 per cent). Leguminous cultures were allocated by the greatest maintenance in grain of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and grain cultures - carrying out them with a crop. The grain of all kinds of lupine calcium content of the highest (3.8-5.5 g/kg), the lowest - in peas and wheat (0.8-1.1 g/kg BW).

Basic elements of superficial watering on furrows in a steppe zone of the Central part of the North Caucasus on the carbonate chernozem of long irrigation are studied. Parameters of dependence of field norm on length of an irrigation furrow and a specific stream of water, productivity on watering for a shift of a polivalshchik, energy consumption at the studied elements of borozdkovy watering and frequency rate of irrigation are determined. It is revealed that at biases 0,025-0,030 speed of current of water don’t lead to manifestation of washout of the soil to negative level. The maximum irrigation norm about 1100-1300 m3 of hectare are reached when watering on the furrow length 200-300 m the productivity of sunflower is in direct dependence on irrigating norm and varies from 22 to 32 c/hectare. The maximum efficiency of sunflower is formed in a head piece of the sector of the irrigated site.

In terms of differentiation of agricultural enterprises by the level of intensification of grain production it is necessary to cultivate varieties that are most adapted and cost-effective for specific levels of technologies of growing spring wheat. This is confirmed by the ecological variety testing, which was carried out in different soil - climatic and technological conditions. In the Vladimir niiskh on gray forest soils under normal technology, the new variety of mA’am was characterized by the highest yield, resistance to lodging and disease. In the competitive variety testing on average for 10 years, he provided a yield of 37.7 C / ha (higher than the best studied in the experience of varieties by 5.9-10.3 C/ha) with resistance to lodging 8.4 points on a 9-point scale. The maximum yield varieties in 2009 was 62.0 q/ha. During the last 5 years of competitive variety trials the most stable and productive years was a kind of heater, which on average for 2013-2017 exceeded the grade’am 4.6 t/ha in the same agricultural background. Among studied varieties of spring wheat the highest yields provided a variety Rook, cultivated on intensive technology: high soil fertility in the Republic of Belarus yields reached 99,0 kg/ha in 2013, and in Yaroslavl, NIIZK - 80,0 kg/ha in 2017 In the Vladimir research Institute of agriculture at high doses of fertilizer, but without the protection of plants from diseases, pests and lodging in 2017 received a yield grade of 73.0 kg/ha.

In a solution of the problem of white for livestock production the main role is assigned to bean cultures. Use of their vegetative weight on a green forage, a silo, preparations of grass meal allows to balance fodder diets on a perevarimy protein and amino acids. The main reserve of increase in efficiency bean and increases in their volume in structure of forages, without reduction of the areas of other cultures, are the mixed crops. In work results of researches on technology of cultivation of the mixed crops of a sugar sorghum and soy, the agricultural technician of cultivation, productivity of green material, an exit of nutrients at the one-specific and mixed crops are considered.

Studied commodity indicators and physical and chemical properties of feed for domestic carnivorous animals (cats and dogs), a comparative analysis of different types of feed, their compliance with GOST. A deviation in the composition of feed for carnivorous animals in terms of fiber and additives, as well as the presence of dyes, flavors and flavoring substances. The content of the main nutrients in the feed samples corresponded to the data stated on the packaging. On the basis of the results of the study, an online assessment of the quality and safety of commercial feed for domestic carnivorous animals was made.

The genetic characterization of BLV is an important task in scientific research in many countries of the world. According to the sequenced gene region - env BLV isolates allocated in different geographical locations of the world, up to 10 different genetic groups of the virus were identified and classified. Acknowledgments: The research was carried out at the expense of the Russian Science Foundation grant (project No. 17-76-10051). As part of the research, we monitored the epizootic situation of the BLV in Russia. Groups of animals (n=50) Holstein-Frisian (imported breed) and Russian Black Pied (local breed) were selected, belonging to agricultural organizations of the Tyumen region. Serological screening methods (ELISA, AGID) were used in cattle to identify infected animals. Immunological evaluation of animals in all test groups is given. A primary A nested-PCR study was performed, which resulted in a fragment of the env 444 bp gene in the studied samples. RFLP analysis of this fragment allowed to establish that in 94 % of the samples there was a «Belgian type» of the leukemia virus, in 4 % of samples - «Australian» and in 2 % - a «mixed type». All samples were sent for NGS sequencing. By phylogenetic evaluation of the BLV genome env site in the isolated samples and the immunological evaluation of the infected animals, new data will be obtained that will allow updating information on the genetic groups of the BLV in the territory of the Russian Federation.

The analysis of the nomenclature of disorders (diseases) of the claws of dairy cattle and on the basis of this attempt to make the concept of the classification of the damage to the claws and their pathogenesis.

The stimulant operating of the studied feed concentrate of zeaur is set on an average daily increase which in same queue, in most cases had a tendency to the increase, as compared to control. More intensive development of chickens of experimental groups is marked as compared to chickens contained on an economic basic ration. Living mass of chickens on a line depended on the got stress and consumption of feed. The results of researches of internalss are presented for the chickens of gettings the feed concentrate of zeaur. It is exposed, that adding of 5 % zeaura to mass of feed renders positive influence on haematological and biochemical processes flowings in the organs of birds. Expedience of adjusting of reaction of resistance to the action of unfavorable factors is grounded due to the input of feed concentrate in the declared doses.