In the article, the author analyses historical and political factors, including the role of the country’s leaders and the legal basis for the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in the post-Soviet space and, later in time, the formation of an integration association of a different format - the EAEU. The author also considers the differences in the organisational and legal architecture of building associations, their international legal status, the competence of governing bodies, the ways of development of each of them, and the competitive opportunities between them. In addition, in the article, the author compares the customs legislation of the CIS and the EAEU in terms of regulating trade relations of a duty-preferential nature between their member states based on the corresponding free trade regimes in the CIS and the EAEU. Moreover, the author evaluates the statistical and calculated indicators (value and physical) of the results of mutual trade in food and agricultural products within the commodity markets operating in the CIS and the EAEU, their correlation with similar indicators of international trade of the CIS countries and the EAEU with third countries, the impact and significance mutual trade of the CIS countries and the EAEU with the Russian Federation on the food security of Russia.

In the article, the authors studied four samples of instant mashed potatoes from different brands of domestic manufacturers. During the tests, generally accepted standard methods for assessing the quality and packaging of concentrates of food second lunches were used by the requirements of regulatory documents. The packaging was analysed by the provisions of SS (State Standard) 15113.1 and SS 33837-2016, TR CU (Technical regulation of the Customs Union) 005/2011. The quality indicators of mashed potatoes were determined following the requirements of SS 19327-84 (as amended in 2000). In addition, the authors determined the mass fraction of moisture according to SS 15113.4-77 and visually assessed the impurities’ presence. The readiness of the dishes to eat and reconstitutability was also evaluated according to the method indicated on the label. The authors additionally evaluated the mass fraction of additives (%) shown in the composition of puree (crackers, fried onions) since they are involved in forming taste sensations. They also presented the analysis results of packaging quality indicators and the identified differences. A discrepancy between the labelling of samples and the requirements for accessibility was revealed. The content of additives in sample No. 2 does not correspond to the information stated on the label. However, according to physical and chemical indicators, all samples conform to the standards. Based on the results of the tasting evaluation of the pieces, a ranked series was compiled in descending order of quality. The authors proposed introducing quality indicators for food concentrates of the second dinner courses, reflecting the content of individual components in the regulatory documents. These quality indicators will contribute to stricter control over it and the implementation of the declared information on the composition of products by manufacturers. Furthermore, the obtained results are characterised by a practical component for manufacturers of instant concentrates when promoting new product lines that meet customers’ requirements. Also, the results of this study are helpful for consumers when choosing a competitive product from various assortments that differ in price and quality.

In the article, the authors substantiated the importance of dumplings with fish in modern dietology. They proved the need to increase the share of semi-finished fish in the diet of the population of the Russian Federation, which currently does not exceed 2%. Compared to beef, pork, and lamb, the proteins of salmon fish are characterised by a higher content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. They have a higher digestibility (98%), which reduces the energy costs of the human body. The role of dumplings with fish in the diet of various groups of the population of the Russian Federation has been established. The authors present the optimal recipe for fish dumplings based on minced salmon enriched with amaranth flour and pumpkin. The formula is based on a combination of fish raw materials as a source of complete, easily digestible proteins with vegetable raw materials, which are highly biologically active. Based on the biochemical parameters of vegetable raw materials, the use of amaranth and pumpkin in the formulation is justified. Furthermore, the choice of amaranth flour is associated with a high complete protein content, an optimal balance of amino acids in its composition, and squalene, which has antitumor activity. The inclusion of pumpkin dumplings in the recipe is due to its rich vitamin composition and low-calorie content, at most 28 kcal / 100 g of product. A study was conducted to determine the toxicity and safety of dumplings, which was carried out using the automated software complex “Biolat” on the protozoa Paramecium caudatum. The security of both experimental and control batches of dumplings has been established. In addition, the amino acid composition of fish dumplings has been studied. Experimental and control samples contained almost all essential amino acids. Compared to the control batch, an organoleptic evaluation of enriched fish dumplings was carried out. Enriched dumplings received a higher organoleptic rating according to the results of tasting (4.7 and 4.56 points, respectively).

Galleria mellоnella L. is one of the main pests in beekeeping. Therefore, scientists are studying Galleria mellоnella L. to find methods to combat it and as a model object for physiological and biochemical studies. In addition, some medicinal plants contain active substances that affect the physiological parameters of insects and even exhibit insecticidal properties. In the study, the authors evaluated the effect of additives from dry powders of common origanum and marsh cinquefoil on the dynamics of weight change, survival and uniformity of the metamorphic composition in the Galleria mellоnella L. Larvae of the third age were selected for the experiment. Additives were added to the insect food substrate at 10, 50 and 100 mg per 3 g of the standard diet. For 16 days, the mass of insects and the stage of their development were recorded in the experimental and control groups. The results showed that the supplements studied had a stimulating effect on larval growth at low doses. In the experimental groups, a trend towards faster development of larvae was found. The average daily weight gain per larva in all experimental groups was significantly (P<0.01) more significant than in the control group. At a dosage of 100 mg of joint origanum supplement, the survival rate of insects was minimal and amounted to 80%. At dosages of 50 and 100 mg of additions of common origanum and marsh cinquefoil, a violation of the homogeneity of the age composition was observed. The data obtained allow us to conclude that it is promising to study further the impact of marsh cinquefoil and common oreganum additives on insect pests.

The authors studied the morphometric parameters of yak wool to determine the commodity and technological qualities of the thread of yaks from the Altai population. The research was carried out based on the yak-breeding farm of the Republic of Altai. The study’s objectives included determining the mass fraction of yak wool fractions and the physical properties of down fibres (thinness, length and density of down) of different sex and age groups of yaks of the Altai population. In addition, the authors studied the morphometric parameters of the coat of varying sex and age groups of yaks of the Altai population according to a set of characteristics using methods generally accepted in zootechnics. The weight content of the fractions was determined by analysing wool samples weighing 1 gram taken from different parts of the animal’s body (belly, flank, thigh) for down, awn and transitional hair and entertaining on an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.0001 g. The length of wool was measured using a metal ruler with an accuracy of 1 mm. The fineness of the thread was determined on a lanometer according to the RIAH method (All-Russian Institute of Animal Husbandry). The authors established differences between the ratios of down, awn and transitional hair in different body parts. Thus, the most significant proportion of soft fibres in yak wool is noted on the side, where its content varies from 68% to 82%. Significantly less fluff is observed on the thigh from 22% to 35% and on the stomach from 11% to 30%. In male yaks, the most down is also found on the side from 67 to 73%, and the least is observed on the thigh (32–42%) and on the stomach (7–15%). In young yaks, the highest down content was noted on the thigh - 82-88%, slightly less on the side - 68-80 and on the stomach - only 24-34%. The thinnest fluff was registered in female yaks - 1.32 microns in length. The authors noticed the best indicators of length wool in male yaks, 5.23 cm. Female yaks are 5.09 cm in fibre length, and young (bulls of young yaks are 4.9 cm compared to adult male yaks. Regarding the mass of downy fibres, the highest arms were in young animals (yaks of young bulls) at - 51.03 mg / cm² and the lowest at - 49.53 mg/cm2 in male yaks. The down of yaks of the Altai population in thickness corresponds to the 56th grade of sheep wool (semi-thin) and can be used to make high-quality knitwear.

In the article, the authors conducted experimental studies of the parameters of the vital activity of the body of a professionally trained service dog during its training. This training relates to the detention of the “violator” and the search for bookmarks with the smell of a drug simulator during dosed physical exertion, simulating natural working conditions in exceptional service. The research algorithm included fixing the vital parameters of the dog’s body after its training on a mechanical treadmill and the subsequent performance of elements of a particular service - the detention of the “violator” and the search for imitators of narcotic substances on a unique simulator. In addition, the authors considered the parameters of the environment, the parameters of the dog’s body (including body temperature, heart rate and respiration), the parameters of dosing physical activity during exercise, and the features of work. Finally, the data obtained are discussed from the standpoint of organising an algorithm for substantiated and optimal modes of training and service use of a protective search service dog. Thus, the authors propose to name a dog that, in absolute service (and preparation for it) when searching for “bookmarks” of narcotic substances, can instantly switch from searching for the desired substances to protecting the conductor from an intruder and vice versa.

This work aims to study the elemental status of dog hair in ontogeny. The studies were conducted on animals 2–4 and 8–10 years of age. Under observation were 39 dogs of the following breeds: Rottweilers, Dalmatians, Black Terriers, Golden Retrievers, Labradors and Dobermans. The animals were born and kept in Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Yalta and Moscow. The dogs were kept in apartments with obligatory morning and evening exercise. Wool was sheared from the withers to determine the concentration of bioelements. The bioelemental composition of wool was determined on an Elan 9000 quadrupole mass spectrometer and an Optima 2000DV atomic emission spectrometer by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The research was carried out during the summer period. The diet of dogs consisted of dry industrial feed, balanced in terms of essential nutrients, vitamins, and macro- and microelements. In the research process, specific microelementoses were found in dogs of different ages. The obtained results showed that dogs of 2-4 years of age exceed 8-10-year-old animals in the concentration of aluminium in wool by 81.3% (P<0.01), chromium - by 67.1 (P<0.001), copper - by 27.4 (P<0.05), iron - by 81.7 (P<0.05), mercury - by 70.5 (P<0.05), iodine - by 68.3 (P< 0.05), potassium – by 57.5 (P<0.01), lithium – by 65.7 (P<0.05), lead – by 84.5 (P<0.05), vanadium – by 56.6 (P<0.05) and zinc by 27.9% (P<0.01). At the same time, in the group of 2-4-year-old animals, the iodine level exceeded the limit of reference values by 35.5%. On the other hand, in dogs of 8–10 years, chromium, iron, iodine, manganese, and silicon indicators have lagged behind the lower limit of the reference values by 45.0, respectively; 89.9, 86.0, 91.0 and 89.7%.

The problems that have recently faced the Russian fish farm often require non-traditional solutions based on the introduction of advanced feeding technologies. Therefore, in the research process, the authors studied the fish-breeding, biological, morphological and biochemical characteristics of the rainbow trout of the Adler breed when grown in industrial conditions using native white lupine (with a shell) and without a shell as a source of protein in feeding. The data obtained from the experiments indicate more intensive gains in the experimental groups. The highest increase was obtained in the 3rd experimental group, where the diet structure contained white lupine without a shell in the amount of 22%. The absolute increase in this group was higher by 28.89%. In the 2nd experimental group, the growth was higher by 2.55%, and in the 4th experimental group, by 5.74%. The safety of trout in all experimental groups was almost the same. The cost in the 3rd experimental group to the control was lower by 32.24%, in the 2nd experimental group - by 7.94% and in the 4th - by 21.33%. The profit from the sale was also higher in the 3rd experimental group compared to the control group by 106%, in the 2nd experimental group - by 17.76% and in the 4th experimental group- by 47.9%. The study of white lupine in diet structures can become the basis for a fundamental expansion of knowledge about the biochemistry of fish protein nutrition and practical recommendations on using white lupine in mixed feed for rainbow trout.

The article presents fresh biological dropping of caged chickens in crop production. After a thorough study of its environmental friendliness to the environment, this new biological dropping will reduce the cost of poultry farms for the disposal of dropping and use for more efficient cultivation of crops on marginal lands. The experiment used a high dose of organic matter - 120 t/ha, applied by spreading (control - without fertilisers). Sequencing of the metagenomes of soil samples showed that the soil microbiome’s phylogenetic composition was preserved due to the introduction of bacterial-fermented probiotic dropping.

The authors also note that its taxonomic structure and functionality changed due to increased bacteria (with the different activity of taxa). Thus, the authors report an increase in the abundance of bacteria in the 1st sampling period from 6.9•107 to 1.3•108 copies/g of the soil of the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria in the plough horizon, and after 30 days - from 1.6•107 to 1.3×108 copies/g. For these purposes, opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms in the fertilised soil found in all soil samples were also studied. A higher proportion of enterobacteria was noted in the control sample (0.6%), and with dropping, it did not exceed 0.15%. The content of pathogenic bacteria on a fertilised background in the 1st period of soil sampling practically did not change (0.7–0.8%), but in the 2nd period, it decreased sharply (from 2.5 to 1.1%). However, the authors note a decrease in the content of pathogenic bacteria. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in their abundance (from 3.9•105 to 1.4•106 copies/g), mainly Pseudomonas sp bacteria (from 2.1•105 to 9.3•105 copies/g), which is a consequence of a general increase in the abundance of bacteria in the microbiome against the background of enrichment of the soil with organic matter and an increase in soil fertility. The authors did not reveal a significant negative microbiological effect after the action of fresh biological chicken dropping on the soil’s ecological state at the specified research stage.

In the article, the authors presented the results of comprehensive studies in 2020 - 2022. on the study of different varieties of soybeans when grown up to granules. The experiments were carried out on heavy loamy grey forest soil with a humus content of 4.1% with a slight acid reaction of the medium (pH 6.28). The nitrate nitrogen concentration was 10 mg/100 g, mobile phosphorus 13.5 mg/100 g, and exchangeable potassium 8 mg/100 g. Different varieties of soybeans, according to their ecological and geographical origin, were sown in the third decade of May with a sowing rate of 500 thousand viable seeds per 1 ha, with harvesting in the third decade of September. The authors conducted phenological observations and determined the photosynthetic potential during the experimental work. The authors also determined the leaf areas of different soybean varieties, plant height, yield indicators and crop structure. The researchers noted that the accelerated growth and development rates occurred in the West Siberian types Omskaya 4, SibNIIK-315, Gorinskaya and Krasnoobskaya. Early maturing varieties of Far Eastern selection were distinguished by a long growing season of up to 120 days, with 85 days in Siberian varieties: Omskaya 4, Far Eastern selection Alena, and Kuban selection (Barguzin, Puma, Vita, Lira, Sayana). The authors observed a significant increase in yield to the standard in the Omskaya 4 - 21% variety. On the other hand, types of the Far Eastern and Kuban selection showed grain yield indicators 2–5 times lower than the SibNIIK-315 standard. The high parameters of the crop structure in the Siberian variety Omskaya 4 were determined by the number of beans from one plant and the mass of grains from one plant.

The author conducts a new theoretical analysis of transferring capital from Moscow to Siberia in the article. The study is based on the growing number of publications and discussions after the speech of the Siberian and Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation S.K. Shoigu. Minister S.K. Shoigu proposed to analyse, discuss and work out a solution to the issue of creating new scientific, industrial and economic centres in Siberia to develop the Russian economy at a meeting with the scientific community of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. These centres must serve new cities with 300 thousand to a million inhabitants. In other words, these centres are a cluster with their developed infrastructure, research centres, with breakthrough technologies, where the development priority will be focused not only on the extractive industries but mainly on the processing industries. This idea was supported at the highest level in terms of the development of the economy of our country. A special military operation carried out on the territory of Ukraine has become a severe test for our state. This is practically a break in all relations - economic, cultural and other with the countries of the European Union and others, as well as an apparent enmity with elements of aggression against Russia. This was an impetus, a starting point to transfer the capital to Siberia. Of course, we are not talking about a momentary transfer of wealth - this is a very long process that requires colossal resources, the will of the people, and the desire of the country’s leadership. But we need to think about this already today so as not to repeat the mistake of past years, when during the war years, enterprises were located in an open field, including in Siberia, and several cities of the former USSR performed the functions of the capital in parallel.

An overview of the sustainable development goals (SDGs No. 10, 17) is presented, the level of achievement of which is an indicator of social dynamics. The purpose of the study is to analyse the achievement of sustainable development goals in rural areas in the regions of the Siberian Federal District at the current moment, according to the indicators presented by the resolution of the UN General Assembly A/RES/70/1. For these purposes, the whole point of the formulated system of sustainable development goals is concentrated. Each independent target organically complements the other, and these goals characterise achieving the other sustainable development goals. The widespread involvement of all countries in achieving sustainable development goals and partnerships is a natural outcome of the idea of transition to sustainable development formulated in 2015. All achievements of human civilisation are impossible without a mutually beneficial partnership, which originates in the two essential skills of humanity - communication and cooperation. Only through mutual touch and pooling of their efforts is society able to generate positive social dynamics and ensure sustainable development in the interests of future generations. The authors of this study tried to present their views on the processes taking place in the rural areas of the Siberian Federal District in the context of the monitored sustainable development goals. The factors influencing the achievement of sustainable development goals are also considered. The research methods were retrospective and statistical analyses. In addition, the study also analysed indirect determinants by years that affect social dynamics. As a result of the survey, proposals are presented for optimising partnerships to improve the social situation in the regions of the Siberian Federal District and for effective process management to achieve positive social dynamics in rural areas.

The authors presented an overview of the sustainable development goals (SDGs No. 8, 9) in the direction of “economy” in the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to monitor economic goals in rural areas in the regions of the Siberian Federal District according to the indicators presented by the resolution of the UN General Assembly A/RES/70/1. At the forefront of these goals is the achievement of inclusive economic growth and decent work for all (SDG 8) in connection with the widespread creation and use of infrastructure capable of sustainable industrialisation and the use of innovation (SDG 9). It is critical to ensure the achievement of these goals in territories that are on the sidelines of economic growth and progress and thereby provide a decent life for the population of these territories. The need to study the level of economic development of rural areas is also essential because of the high degree of correlation between the development of agriculture in particular and the agro-industrial complex in general and the sustainable development of rural areas. Moreover, changing living conditions in different places are forcing the population to look for new homes. As a result, most of the population tends to large cities or suburbs. But cities alone cannot lead to economic growth; this requires resources precisely concentrated in sparsely populated areas, the development of which is capable of achieving the declared financial goals. Therefore, the authors also considered the factors influencing the achievement of these goals. The research methods were retrospective and statistical analyses. As a result of the study, proposals are presented for optimising economic actions and developing measures to effectively manage processes to achieve the financial goals of sustainable development in rural areas of the Siberian Federal District.

An overview of the sustainable development goals (SDGs No. 3, 4, 5) characterising the development of the social sphere in rural areas of the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation is presented. The purpose of the study is to analyse the achievement of the social goals of sustainable development in rural areas in the regions of the Siberian Federal District at the current moment, according to the indicators presented by the resolution of the UN General Assembly A/RES/70/1. Each of the suggested goals has its meaning and parameters of achievement. For example, Goal 3, “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all ages,” is focused on maintaining the population’s health. Goal 4, “Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”, priorities access to quality education for all and, most importantly, for all”. Goal No. 5 “, Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls” aims to eliminate the infringement of the rights of women and girls. However, the UN recommendatory documents do not explicitly define the indicators characterising the level of achievement of these goals. Therefore, using the available data from statistical bodies, the authors considered the accomplishment of these sustainable development goals through indirect indicators. Along with apparent indicators, such as the availability of healthcare facilities in rural areas, and the presence of educational organisations, the authors used indicators that characterise the preservation of the achieved level for each of the selected goals. In addition, the factors influencing the achievement of sustainable development goals are also considered. The research methods were retrospective and statistical analyses. During the study, indirect determinants were also analysed by year, influencing the development of sustainable development goals in the regions. Based on the survey results, proposals are presented for optimising the social situation in the Siberian Federal District and for effectively managing measures to achieve indicators that characterise the achievement of the selected goals for developing the social sphere in rural areas. This analysis is also essential from the point of view of the relationship between the development of agriculture and the agro-industrial complex with the sustainable development of rural areas. The social sphere is one of the facets that characterise the tightness of this relationship. Still, it is very significant and is under the close attention of authorities at all levels.