A statistical study was conducted aimed at establishing quantitative and qualitative indicators of food waste, which is required in the household of families. For this purpose, a survey of 400 families from 4 cities was conducted: Moscow, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo. The questionnaires contained questions of socio-demographic data, as well as questions on food waste and a diary of observations of waste formation. Data on the amount of food waste, as well as their composition, were obtained. The analysis of the obtained data is carried out. It was found that one family generates an average of 1.6 kg of food waste per week, which is equivalent to 82.4 kg of waste per year. In terms of the average number of people in one family, a value of 29.9 kg of food waste per year per person was obtained. At the same time, this indicator varies in a fairly wide range depending on families. In addition to the quantitative assessment of food waste, a qualitative assessment was also carried out. To do this, a waste database was compiled, divided into 3 groups: protein waste, fat waste and carbohydrate waste. The data processing of the questionnaires was carried out using the Microsoft Excel program. After that, the arithmetic mean value was calculated for all questionnaires. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the largest share of household food waste is accounted for by carbohydrate products (about 48 %). The proportion of fat and protein products is approximately the same and amounts to 27 and 25 %, respectively. According to the results of the survey, the most common cause of food waste in the household of families is food spoilage. The cooking error in the total proportion is only 6 %.

Wheat flour is the main ingredient in baking, but it contains a small amount of fats and fatty acids. Therefore, it is advisable to introduce non-traditional raw materials rich in fatty acids into the recipe. Such raw materials include various non-traditional types of flour, such as oat flour and flax flour. Their fat content is 2-3 times higher than in wheat flour. They have a wide fatty acid profile. There are 15 fatty acids in flaxseed meal, among which 8-octadecenoic, 11,14-octadecadienoic, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic and hexadecanoic (palmitic) are predominant. There are 8 fatty acids in oatmeal, with 17-octadecenoic and 9-octadecenoic (oleic) fatty acids being represented in the greatest amount. Bread on sourdough with the addition of oat flour or flax flour shows pleasant organoleptic characteristics such as aroma, flavor, texture and appearance. These types of bread meet the quality and safety requirements established by GOST, which is confirmed by the results of relevant laboratory analyses. Thus, the acidity index is within the range from 9.26 to 10.19 degrees, which does not exceed the norm of 12 degrees. Some values of moisture exceed the permissible value (51%), but the excess is insignificant and does not have a negative impact on the organoleptic characteristics and structure of the final product. Porosity values correspond to the requirements of the normative documentation and are within the range from 45 to 60 %.

Determination of morphological and mineral composition of blood of calves on the basis of serum analysis is one of the modern diagnostic indicators of physiological state of the organism. On the basis of experimental data the changes in morphological and mineral composition of blood of six-month-old calves of Simmental breed were analyzed when phytobiotic, probiotic “SBT-Lacto” and their complex were included in the feed ration. Within the framework of the performed research the change of morphological indicators (hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes content) and mineral indicators (magnesium, iron, copper, zinc content) was studied. In the course of the study it was revealed that the greatest influence on the morphological composition of blood of calves had the inclusion in the feed ration of a complex of phyto-additives in the form of thyme extract and probiotic “SBT-Lacto”. Thus, the complex of probiotic and phytobiotic increased hemoglobin content by 8.4%, erythrocytes by 17.9% and leukocytes by 13.6% in relation to the control group with traditional feed ration. The results of the study showed that the inclusion of phytobiotic in the feed ration increased the level of iron in the blood: 43.72 ± 0.41 mg/%, which is 5.7% higher compared to the index of calves of the control group. The addition of probiotic to the feed ration of calves increased the content of magnesium, copper, manganese and zinc in relation to mineral indices of other experimental groups and control group. In turn, the inclusion of probiotic and phytobiotic complex in the feed ration increased such indicators as hemoglobin, erythrocyte and leukocyte content by 9.2 g/%, 21.8 × 1012/l and 15.8 × 109/l, respectively, compared to the control

The inclusion of zinc chelate complex in the diet has a positive effect on meat productivity. There is an increase in the mass of the carcass, internal organs, and a slaughter yield increases. The largest 37-day mass of the carcass was detected in the 2nd experimental group (Biocinc 0,2 mL/kg), it was 79,87 ± 7,69 g (р ≤ 0,001), thereby the slaughter yield was 74,4 %, which is 16,6% more than in the control group. The largest weight of 98-day carcass was noted in quail of the 2nd test group (Biocinc 0,2 ml/kg), which was 215,56 ± 8,67 g (р ≤ 0,001), which is 69,91 g more than in the control group. The kill yield was 76,3 %, which is 9,9 % more than in the control group. The largest increase in absolute liver weight in 37-day quail was observed with the use of Biocinc at a dose of 0,2 mL/kg – 3,74 ± 0,33 g, relative weight – 3,05 %. 98-day quail – 5,52 ± 0,28 g and 1,95 % when using Biocinc at a dose of 0,2 mL/kg. Vascular changes in the liver have been identified that affect the vessels of all calibers: from the central veins to the sinusoids. This manifests in vasodilation in the control group and vasoconstriction in the experimental quail groups. A decrease in the diameter of the central vein and the width of the sinusoid capillaries indicates an increase in the tone of the vascular wall due to an increase in the contractility of the muscular membrane under the influence of Biocinc. The lowest nuclear cytoplasmic ratio is observed in 2 and 3 experimental groups (0,38) when Biocinc is included in the diet at a dose of 0,2 and 0,3 mL/kg, which is manifested by the highest functional state of hepatocytes.

One of the key areas ensuring the country’s food security is the production of a sufficient number of livestock products. Modern requirements for the production of livestock products are pushing manufacturers to exclude antibacterial drugs from the technology of bearing calves, replacing them with probiotic drugs. Therefore, the search and testing of new highly effective probiotic drugs is relevant. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of probiotics Vetom 1 and Vetom 1.2 on the clinical and biochemical status and weight of calves in the early postnatal period. The studies were conducted on analog calves, a black-and-white breed in the spring period. Two groups of experimental calves and one group of control calves were formed. The study was conducted from birth to 2 months of age. The first experimental group of calves received a diet of Vet 1. The second experimental group was Vet 1.2. During the study, it was found that the use of probiotics Vet 1 and Vet 1.2 significantly reduces the likelihood of dyspepsia in the early postnatal period in calves, and also positively affects their clinical and biochemical status. At the same time, Vetom 1.2 is the most effective. The use of probiotics Vetom 1. and Vetom 1.2. helps to increase body weight and average daily weight gain in calves. The body weight of groups of calves 2 months after birth can be represented as a group with a weight of 1.2. (77.80 ±3.40 kg)> group with Vet 1 (76.50±3.7 kg)> who did not receive probiotics (71.60 ±3.17 kg). The largest gain was observed a month after birth in the group receiving Vet 1.2. it was 1.6 times higher than the control and 1.4 times higher than in calves receiving Vet 1. The weight gain of calves with Vet 1 in comparison with the control was 15.5% higher. The body weight of calves receiving probiotics 2 months after birth can be represented as follows: Vet 1.2. (77.80 ±3.40 kg), Vet 1 (76.50±3.7 kg), who did not receive probiotics (71.60 ±3.17 kg).

In the conditions of Altai region, within the framework of the activity on breeding and selection of Hereford cattle, imported in 1960, the evaluation of bulls on their own productivity; bulls-producers on the quality of offspring; lines; breeding groups has been carried out. At formation of groups it was established that bulls of the first selection group show high productive qualities. The study of correlation coefficients of traits allows to reveal a strong relationship between live weight and average daily gain (r = 0,89), as well as index A (r = 0,95). The comparative evaluation of sires on the quality of progeny shows that bulls Dantes 71103, Jack 10379602602, Dubai 51007, Texas 53005, Ugolyok 89005, Funduk E 61043 are improving sires and selection index A in their sons is 102-105. At estimation of genealogical structure the best indexes of selection index A within 102-105 have bulls belonging to lines J-Bar-Universe C02912439, Jack 10379602602, Super Duty C0281216, Tortuga C02897246, Dan Hidalgo C02923622. Also in the studied population the strength of influence of the line and the bull-producer on the variability of traits in the offspring is comparable, and low values of the inheritance coefficient indicate a low level of influence of the fathers’ genotype on the variability of traits in the offspring, which indicates consolidation and homogeneity of the herd. The highest inheritance coefficients were observed for live weight at 15 months and meat qualities (h2 = 23,80-54,08 %). The population of Hereford cattle has a high selection potential in the aspect of evaluation of gene pool and phenofund of animals, and to increase genetic variability it is necessary to organize selection of unrelated animals.

A number of studies have been carried out to investigate isolates of bovine leukosis virus in the Novosibirsk region. Within the framework of these studies, missense mutations, SNP substitutions and their influence on the type of infection course were studied. More than 700 samples were analyzed, of which full genomic sequencing of 48 samples was performed. A statistically significant relationship was found between   the A(+187)C polymorphism in the activator sequence (DAS) region of the LTR (p value = 0.00737) and a high level of lymphocytosis. It was found that the (-4)G mutation in the CAP site can determine the type of course of the infectious process in virus-induced bovine leukemia. We found that G(-133)A/C mutations in CRE2 (46.7   %), C(+160)T in DAS (30 %) and A(310)del in BLV-mir-B4-5p, A(357)G in BLV-mir-B4-3p, A(462)G in BLV-mir-B5-5p and GA(497-498)AG in BLV-mir-B5-3p (26, 5 %) may influence the type of course of the infectious process in virus-induced bovine leukemia. Several polymorphisms in the genomic sequences of BLV isolates were identified, which open the understanding of the mechanisms of realization of virulent properties of bovine leukosis virus.

Comparative studies of the effect of replacing animal protein with vegetable protein in the diet structure on biometric indices and histopathologic indices of rainbow trout liver were carried out on biological models of rainbow trout. Inclusion of white lupine with a shell in the composition of mixed fodder led to an increase in the weight of the intestine. In the 1st experimental group in relation to the control the mass of intestine increased by 26,3 %, in the 2nd experimental group it decreased by 22 %. The main place of absorption is the anterior intestine and the area adjacent to the pyloric appendages, where at optimal feeding can be resorbed up to 90% of proteins, fats and carbohydrates from the total amount that is available to fish from food. The stomach of rainbow trout also takes an active part in the absorption of nutrients (29 % of proteins, 44 % of lipids and 26 % of carbohydrates). In our experiment, stomach weight increased in the 1st experimental group by 2.61 % and in the 2nd experimental group by 7.3 %. The analysis of the studied literature data allows us to assert that the decrease in intestinal weight in the 2nd experimental group, where 25 % lupine without shell was used in the diet structure, resulted in more intensive digestion of nutrients in its cranial part. The increase in intestinal weight in the 1st experimental group is associated with the use of lupin with a shell, which led to adaptation of trout, expressed in morphological changes in the intestine under the influence of fiber. Examination of liver tissue in the 2nd experimental group revealed some degenerative changes. Vacuolization of liver cells in the 2nd experimental group, in which the diet with increased content of vegetable protein in its structure was applied, was significantly lower, and accordingly, this group had the smallest hepatocytes. Defects of cell contacts in the liver, destruction, and proliferation of cells of the lymphohistiocytic series into sinusoids were observed. Thus, reduction in the structure of diets of predatory fish of animal origin feeds to the level of 25 % leads to liver degeneration. This reactive adaptation of the liver to a new plant protein ingredient is short-term.

Abstracts. Fish caught by fishermen, in most cases, are not subjected to veterinary and sanitary examination and their safety is not controlled by anyone. Given the fact that there are many fish diseases that at least reduce the quality of fish products, consumers of fish products, due to ignorance, put their health at risk. The aim of the work is to analyze the extent of invasion by metacercariae of the digenetic fluke Postodiplostomum cuticola of fish living in the reservoirs of the Chuvash Republic. The study was conducted between June and September 2024. The objects of the study were 10 reservoirs of the Chuvash Republic and fish caught on them of different species composition in the amount of 315 specimens. It was found that only 3 reservoirs located near the villages of Bateevo, Starye Shchelkan and Novoe Muratovo of the Urmar Municipal District of the Chuvash Republic turned out to be safe for postdiploidomiasis, while the rest of the fishermen catch fish affected by metacercariae. The extent of the fish invasion depended on the species, so in the waters of the Musirma Riverdam in the vicinity of the village of Musirma and the dam of the Sredny Anish River in the vicinity of the village of Karak-Sirma in the Urmar Municipal district, only perches were sick with postdiploidomiasis, and all caught specimens of roach were free of metacercariae. In addition, it was found that the extent of the invasion differed greatly between different, closely located areas of the water area of the same reservoir, such as on a pond near the village of Shihabylovo in the Urmar municipal district and the dam of the Anish River in the vicinity of the village of Staroe Akhperdino in the Kanash municipal district. Among the 315 fish caught, 100 were affected by metacercariae, of which 30 were found unfit for food. In general, it can be unambiguously concluded that the extent of invasion has a direct relationship with the characteristics of the reservoir, such as the nature of the bottom, depth, the presence of aquatic vegetation and fish-eating birds.

Soil moisture reserves are one of the main factors limiting the growth and development of plants during the vegetation period of agricultural crops, their preliminary assessment plays a major role in the planning of agrotechnical measures for the spring summer period, which in turn affects the yield and efficiency of agricultural production. The article proposes a method of predicting moisture content in a meter layer of soil before sowing grain crops, based on the construction and training of an artificial neural network. To build an artificial neural network we used the data of multifactorial field experience of the Siberian Research Institute of Crop Production of SFNCA RAS (central forest-steppe). The data include the results of studies of agrophysical and agrochemical factors in a four-field grain-fallow crop rotation from 1996 to 2018. T The constructed artificial neural network has the architecture of a multilayer perseptron consisting of an input, hidden and output layer. The input layer accepts data in the form of predictors, namely: predecessor, tillage method, weather conditions, autumn productive moisture reserve of the previous year, i. e. factors affecting the predicted variable. The hidden layer transforms and processes input data, while the output layer generates model predictions. The developed artificial neural network demonstrated a fairly high accuracy of forecasting. The total percentage of reliably predicted observations was 80.6 %. The ROC analysis performed to evaluate the predictive ability of the neural network showed that the area under the ROC curve for each category was close to 1. This indicates that the neural network has high predictive power and is able to accurately identify the different categories of the target indicator.

The article describes the experience of cultivating the eastern goat in the conditions of Western Siberia. The prerequisites for which were numerous experiments by domestic and foreign scientists, who testified that there is a problem of providing a feed base with high-protein feeds and, in particular, seed material. In Western Siberia, perennial grasses in the structure of forage crops occupy about 40 %, of which the eastern goat, despite its high performance, occupies no more than 7 %. The laying of the experience and the experimental work was carried out according to the generally accepted methodology of V.A. Dospekhova. Stem density measurements were carried out in the spring and before each harvesting of herbs. In the course of the study, phenological and morphological observations were carried out, as well as accounting for the yield of seeds of the Oriental goat. In the course of research, it was found that in the first periods of growth of development, there was no significant difference between the variants, changes occurred in the later stages, so with increasing age of the plant their height increased, this is especially noticeable in variants where the seeds were treated with rhizotorphin and micronutrients before sowing. Both the seeding rate and the presowing tillage affect the yield of the seeds of the eastern goat. For example, the optimal seeding rate was 0,6 million units/ha, while a change in this indicator both up and down caused a significant decrease in seed yield. The highest yield of goatgrass seeds (464 kg/ha) was noted at a seeding rate of 0,6 million units/ha using rhizotorphin. The lowest yield (169 kg/ha) was noted with a seeding rate of 1,5 million units/ha in the untreated variant (control).

The sustainability of agricultural production and its development in modern conditions is an integral part of the development of the state’s economy and ensuring food security of the population, for this reason, the analysis of existing approaches and the development of new directions for increasing sustainability is becoming increasingly important. The paper reflects approaches to the formation of the concept of “sustainability” in foreign sources, where the basis is ecology and domestic – the basis is economic efficiency. In this work,   the concept of “sustainability” is considered from the perspective of agricultural production, the author’s definition of the concept of “sustainable production of oilseeds” is given, taking into account the complexity and broad orientation. The article presents a conceptual model of sustainable oilseed production developed by the authors, in which, in addition to the classical elements of sustainability, ecology, economics and society, climate is highlighted as an equally important component of sustainable oilseed production. The elements, factors, principles, and tools to ensure sustainable production of oilseeds, taking into account the peculiarities of their cultivation, are determined, in addition, the importance of products obtained from cultivated oilseeds and changes in their production volumes are reflected. The ways of achieving the sustainable development goals of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations by means of implementing the concept of sustainable production of oilseeds are considered.

The problem of necessity of state support of traditional for the Northern areas types of agricultural activities is investigated. The main indicators of food supply in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and their compliance with medical standards established by the Ministry of Health are considered. It was revealed that the level of food supply in the region does not meet the recommended standards both in terms of quantitative and qualitative indicators of food products produced in the region. In particular, there is a deficit of certain types of food, which negatively affects the health of the population and the preservation of the traditional way of life of the territory. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that as the volume of Региональная и отраслевая экономика Regional and sectoral economy «Инновации и продовольственная безопасность» № 4(46)/2024 119 investments by the state in agriculture increases, the gross output in this sphere decreases, which indicates that the existing support measures are not effective enough. It can be argued that when developing further measures of state regulation it is necessary to focus more carefully on state support of traditional agricultural activities, in particular, on the breeding of indigenous cattle, herd horse breeding, fur hunting and fishing. The author proposes an approach to the application of state support, the main direction of which is the implementation of organizational and economic measures aimed at further preservation of the traditional way of life and food sovereignty of the region.

The study is devoted to the study of economic and organizational factors that affect the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in the region, as well as the identification of problems and prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region. An analysis of various aspects of the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region, such as the dynamics of acreage, the volume of agricultural exports abroad, the dynamics of production and revenue from finished food products, as well as the state of agricultural machinery in the region, allowed us to get an overall picture of the state of the agro-industrial complex. The study showed that over the past decade, the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region has demonstrated significant growth, allowing the region to reach new heights in various indicators. However, as it was revealed during the analysis, 2023 was not so successful for the Novosibirsk region, especially in comparison with 2022. Analyzing these aspects, the author found a number of problems faced by the region. Among the problems of the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region are the following: lack of financing from foreign investors, obsolescence of the fleet of agricultural machinery and slow renewal of its main types, difficulty in allocating small credit funds for small forms of farms, reduced profits from the export of agricultural products as well as other problems faced by the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region. It is worth adding that the author has also developed a number of recommendations that will help the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region overcome current difficulties and, subject to their implementation, increase the competitiveness and efficiency of the agro-industrial complex.

In modern scientific literature there are many studies devoted to the concept of sustainable development. Nevertheless, the issues of sustainable development in agriculture, namely in the sheep breeding industry, remain insufficiently studied. For the purpose of the study, various approaches to the definition of sustainable development are given, determinant factors are listed, their content and influence on the development of strategies for the implementation of economic activity are revealed. From the list formulated in the UN Resolution, the primary tasks, the solution of which will lead to an increase in the sustainability of agricultural production development, are highlighted. The main factors pointing to the need to revise sectoral strategies include world population growth, increasing competition for resources, ongoing climate change, and loss of biodiversity. Agricultural production, in particular, sheep breeding, is considered within the framework of the concept of sustainable development, taking into account the sectoral specifics of its development and implementation. In general, sustainable development in    sheep breeding requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account the interests of all parties involved animals, farmers, society and nature. The tasks of sustainable development of the Russian Federation are relevant and significant also for the development of sheep breeding activity in the Russian agrarian practice, and the effective development of the sheep breeding industry in those regions that specialize in sheep breeding and production of sheep products directly depends on their solution.

This article analyzes scientific publications that reveal the issues of evaluating the economic efficiency of technical devices (robots) for pushing (pushing) feed on dairy farms of cattle using the example of the SFB device developed at Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of any methodology in this area to date. The paper uses a two-stage methodological approach, including the consistent use of analytical and computational and constructive tools, as well as a scenario approach with the allocation of an optimistic, basic and pessimistic scenario. As a result, the author’s methodology for evaluating technical devices of this type is justified, which allows taking into account the specifics of the agro-industrial complex of specific regions and including such structural elements as revenue growth due to an increase in dairy productivity of cattle with a simultaneous increase in the cost of additional feed, the cost of equipping dairy farms with push robots, electricity costs and depreciation charges. As a result of the study, it was found that it is economically feasible to use these technical means with an increase in dairy productivity of cattle of at least 10%, while in an optimistic scenario, the revenue growth of cattle farms may be about 16%, in a basic scenario – about 6%, in a pessimistic scenario, the introduction of such devices is economically impractical.

Digital transformation in agriculture is becoming more and more relevant and an integral part of the development of the industry in the modern world. One of the key concepts in this context is the digital maturity of agriculture, which reflects the level of application of digital technologies and innovations in the field.  This indicator not only determines the competitiveness of individual enterprises, but also affects the overall efficiency and sustainability of the entire industry. The introduction of digital technologies in agriculture helps to increase labor productivity, optimize processes, improve product quality, and reduce the negative impact on the environment. However, in order to successfully realize the potential of digital transformation, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors affecting the development of digital maturity in agriculture. Currently, a fairly large number of factors can be identified that influence the achievement of an optimal level of digital maturity. The “Dynamic rating of the digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex” has been formed in the Russian Federation, which is a tool for monitoring factors and operational management of measures and processes of digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex at the level of subjects of the Russian Federation and individual agricultural producers. However, the rating does not reflect the digital maturity of all participants in agricultural production, as indicators of small business entities do not participate in the formation of the rating, which, in our opinion, distorts the real situation. In this context, it is important to analyze the key aspects of digital maturity, identify priority areas of development and develop recommendations for the effective introduction of digital technologies into agriculture. This is the only way to ensure the sustainable and innovative development of the agricultural sector, contributing to its competitiveness in the global market