Drying is one of the processes used in the food industry to preserve and maintain food quality for a certain period. Drying, which removes most moisture in food, has been the oldest canning method since ancient times. Removing water from food materials prevents the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, slows enzymes, and minimizes many physical and chemical reactions. Various methods, such as solar drying, contact drying, convection drying, radiation drying, dielectric drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying, and osmotic drying, currently carry out the product drying process. The drying efficiency of potatoes depends on the dry matter content in percent of the original. The potato is the second most produced and consumed product globally, with 1.3 billion people consuming it as their primary food crop (more than 50 kg per person per year). The organoleptic characteristics of potatoes, such as taste, color, and aroma, change during cooking, mainly due to changes in the composition of the tubers. Dry matter (D.M.) content is one of the leading quality indicators of potatoes, along with starch, reducing sugars and proteins. Therefore, they are one of the first factors determining the quality of tubers and affect the final yield of products from processed tubers. The study aims to study the content of dry matter in potatoes in different types of drying: in a drying cabinet, in an infrared dryer, and in a dehydrator, and to identify the optimal equipment for drying potatoes at 60°C to the moisture content of 10%. Potato drying temperature was the same for all types of equipment and was equal to 60°C.

In the article, the authors investigated the safety of yak carcasses and meat and gave them an organoleptic assessment. They also studied the biochemical composition of young and adult yak meat. The authors have developed a technology for obtaining processed products from yak meat, proposed technological schemes for producing cooked and smoked products, and conducted their commodity evaluation. The authors also studied the safety and biochemical composition and gave an organoleptic assessment of boiled-smoked pressed meat and ham. The authors confirmed the safety of both raw materials and developed cooked-smoked meat products due to the results obtained. In general, the study of the biochemical composition of yak meat, the study of its security, and the production of cooked and smoked products from it will contribute to saturation and increase the range of meat products on the market, improve the quality, rational use of unconventional regional meat raw materials in response to the various sanctions of foreign countries.

Specialists in poultry nutrition are researching the proper selection of feed biologically active additives with high sorption properties and enzyme preparations. They are able in the digestive tract of poultry to firmly bind salts of heavy metals and remove them from the body. The aim of the research - is to substantiate experimentally the rational use of feed additives of sorbent Elitox and multi-enzyme complex Khostazim C-500 in doses of 0,5 kg/t feed (both separately and in the complex) in diets of broiler chickens based on barley and sunflower oilcake for detoxification of heavy metals and optimization of consumer properties of poultry meat. The authors found that the joint feeding of the sorbent and the multi-enzyme complex provided the best productive effect. The chickens of the 4th experimental group were ahead of the control analogs in terms of slaughter parameters due to the elimination of xenobiotics and weight of half-gutted carcass by 10.3% (P<0.05), gutted - by 10.3% (P><0.05) and the value of slaughter yield - by 0.62%. In meat chickens of this group, the nutritional properties of meat improved by increasing the proportion of dry matter in femur and breast muscle samples by 1.07 (P><0.05) and 1.11 % (P><0.05), Protein - by 1,08 (P><0,05) and 1,10 (P><0,05) at simultaneous reduction of fat concentration - by 0,48 (P><0,05) and 0,49 % (P><0,05) correspondingly, and also due to increase of protein-vitamin concentrate value by 15,96 % (P><0,05). Compared with the control analogs in poultry of the 4th group, an increase in the environmental safety of meat due to a decrease in the concentration of zinc ions in the thigh and breast muscle samples by 3.16 (P><0.05) and 3.52 (P><0.05) times, cadmium by 3.60 (P><0.05) and 3.81 (P><0.05), lead by 3.29 (P><0.05) and 4.00 (P><0.05) times respectively was noted.>˂0.05), gutted - by 10.3% (P˂0.05) and the value of slaughter yield - by 0.62%. In meat chickens of this group, the nutritional properties of meat improved by increasing the proportion of dry matter in femur and breast muscle samples by 1.07 (P˂0.05) and 1.11 % (P˂0.05), Protein - by 1,08 (P˂0,05) and 1,10 (P˂0,05) at simultaneous reduction of fat concentration - by 0,48 (P˂0,05) and 0,49 % (P˂0,05) correspondingly, and also due to increase of protein-vitamin concentrate value by 15,96 % (P˂0,05). Compared with the control analogs in poultry of the 4th group, an increase in the environmental safety of meat due to a decrease in the concentration of zinc ions in the thigh and breast muscle samples by 3.16 (P˂0.05) and 3.52 (P˂0.05) times, cadmium by 3.60 (P˂0.05) and 3.81 (P˂0.05), lead by 3.29 (P˂0.05) and 4.00 (P˂0.05) times respectively was noted.

The effectiveness of using biotesting in assessing the biological value of milk products, based on the inclusion of milk products (skimmed milk and yogurt) in the diet of the imago of a domestic fly (Musca domestica), has been established. The authors determined the biological value of dairy products by comparing the duration of the productive period and the life of imago of a domestic fly (Musca domestica) in the diet in which dairy products were contained and flew from the diet from which they were excluded.

In 3-year field model experiments on 2 plots of a strawberry production plantation: populated with a stem strawberry nematode and free from a nematode, it was found that pre-planting treatment of the root system of seedlings with fungal and bacterial strains of bioagents by the fungi Arthrobotrys oligospora VKPM F-1141 and Duddingtonia flagrans VKM F-2574 , as well as a mixed biopreparation Fitop 18.81 hasa protective effect against plant damage by a nematode disease with a biological efficiency of 37-49 %. The length of the roots significantly increased in the variants with the treatment with the strain Duddingtonia flagrans VKM F-2574 and the mixed preparation Fitop 18.81 - by 15.7 and 11.5 %, respectively. Against the background free from nematodes in the variants with preplant treatment with Arthrobotrys oligospora strain VKPM F-1141 and Fitop 18.81, effective stimulation of the number of daughter rosettes by 36.7-39.1 % was proved. The studied bioagents are promising as prophylactic anti-nematode agents when laying fruit-bearing and uterine strawberry plantations.

The studies were carried out in field experiments in 2014-2017 with the aim of a comprehensive assessment of the action of bacterial bioagents on garden strawberry plants in the conditions of a production mother liquor. It has been established that preplant treatment of strawberry seedlings with a suspension of a mixture of strains of saprotrophic bacteria of the genus Bacillus (B. amyloliquefaciens VKPM V-10642, B. amyloliquefaciens VKPM V-10643, B. subtilis VKPM V-10641) in equal proportions, at a concentration of 1×105 CFU/ ml) increased their survival by an average of 20.5% relative to the control, providing a pronounced antistress effect. The degree of damage to strawberry leaves with white spotting decreased by 1.2-1.8 times due to the immunizing effect of the drug. Treatment with a mixture of bacterial strains stimulated an increase in the length of the aerial part by 15%, the length of the root system - by 19%, the biomass of strawberry plants - by 20%, as well as vegetative propagation of strawberries - the number of daughter rosettes increased by 31.8%. The preparative mixture of bacterial strains has a multifunctional effect on plants and is a promising tool for expanding the arsenal of biological methods to increase the efficiency and environmental stabilization of the production of strawberry planting material.

The authors presented data on the effect of the biological product Phytop 8.67 based on bacteria of the genus Bacillus on the biochemical composition and yield of tubers during the pre-planting treatment of potatoes in 2018. The authors conducted experiments on the early-ripening potato variety Rosara in the soil-climatic zone of the forest-steppe in the conditions of leached chernozem of the experimental fields of the Educational and Production Farm (EPF) “Michurintsev Garden.” At pre-planting treatment of potato tubers, Phytopom 8.67 mass fraction of dry matter was 17.62%, which was significantly higher than the control variant. In the experimental version, there was a significant increase in protein content in potato tubers from 14.4% to 15.9% relative to the control variant, while the range of ash elements decreased. The authors note that using the bio preparation Phytop 8.67 reduced the infection of tubers with sclerotia and other forms of Rhizoctonia Solani Kuhn by three times compared with the control. The biological effectiveness of the application was 66.4%.

Medicinal plants are a source of biologically active substances of various chemical natures. Based on the Federal state budgetary scientific institution All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (FSBSI RSRIMAR), the authors researched and developed a method for obtaining dry extracts from the herb and leaves of common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), intended for use as pharmaceutical substances of immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective action. The authors receive extracted meals when obtaining dry extracts at the extraction stage. This extracted meal is a waste that must be disposed of. However, after the extraction of the target compounds, mainly phenolic, other hydrophilic substances remain in the feed. In this regard, within the framework of the complex use of plant raw materials, our work aimed to study the implications of protein nature and total toxicity of the grass meal and chicory leaves to assess the possibility of its use in animal husbandry as a feed additive. As a result of the studies conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), it was found that the meal of grass and leaves of ordinary chicory contains residual amounts of hydroxycinnamic acids such as chicory, chlorogenic, caftaric, and coumarins are also absent. The content of the sum of phenolic compounds in the grass meal was 0,75±0,03, and the leaf meal - 0,65±0,03%. At the same time, we determined the content of total nitrogen, which is 3,39±0,10 and 2,14±0,06%, complete protein - 21,19±0,64 and 13,38±0,4, amine nitrogen - 0,26±0,01 and 0,24±0,01, the sum of amino acids - 0,38±0,01 and 0,35±0,01 respectively for grass meal and chicory leaves. The protein composition of meals identified 17 amino acids, 9 of which are essential for animals and integral to their complete diet. A study of the overall toxicity of the meal confirmed the safety of its use in animal feed. The results obtained indicate the possibility of using chicory grass and leaves meals as a means of enriching the diet of farm animals.

The authors of the article found that on the territory of the observatory of the Institute of Astrophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan and its environs (Mount Sanglok) in the period from the second decade of May to the end of the first decade of June, mainly 132 plant species are in active vegetation. These plants belong to 37 families and 98 genera. Of this number, 12 species are used in traditional medicine; 26 are most often used in conventional medicine; 5 are as food plants; 2 are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Tajikistan; and 13 are endemic plants. Among these plants, plants with the life form of hemicryptophytes dominate - 39.4% and phanerophytes - 23.5%. Of the 132 species found, the most common are representatives of the families Fаbaceae and Asteraceae - 17, Rosaceae - 16, Poaceae - 11, Lamiaceae and Brassicaceae - 8, Ranunculaceae - 6 species, and the remaining families are represented by 4, 3, 2 and 1 species.

The article’s authors argue that it is necessary to use adsorbents and antioxidant preparations in diets to level the negative factors of the impact of aflatoxin B1 on the processes of digestive metabolism and the productivity of young pigs when fattening on diets with a tolerant content of this mycotoxin. The research aimed to determine the effect of the preparation of Ecosil and vitamin C on the economic and biological characteristics of young pigs fed on diets with tolerant levels of aflatoxin B1. In the course of the study and based on experience, the authors found that the gilts of the 3rd experimental group had a higher growth intensity, which had an advantage over the animals of the control group in absolute and average daily gain by 10.5% (P<0.05) when enriched compound feed with a mixture of Ecosil and vitamin C. The authors managed to achieve in animals of the 3rd experimental group a reduction in costs per 1 kg of absolute gain - EFU (energy feed unit) by 9.45% and digestible Protein by 9.48% against control due to improved detoxification of the studied toxin. The coefficient of dry matter digestibility in gilts of this group was higher than in control by 3.1% (P><0.05); the organic matter was higher by 3.2% (P><0.05); crude Protein was higher by 3.2% (P><0.05); fiber is higher by 3.4% (P><0.05) and NFE (nitrogen-free extract) by 2.7% with a decrease in the digestibility of crude fat by 2.8% (P><0.05). The authors found that gilts of the 3rd experimental group, who consumed a mixture of tested feed additives per day in the accounting period of the study, deposited 24.86 g of nitrogen in the body, which is significantly (P><0.05) more than the control analogs - by 2.85 g. In addition, the animals of the 3rd experimental group absorbed better calcium and phosphorus in the diet.>˂0.05) when enriched compound feed with a mixture of Ecosil and vitamin C. The authors managed to achieve in animals of the 3rd experimental group a reduction in costs per 1 kg of absolute gain - EFU (energy feed unit) by 9.45% and digestible Protein by 9.48% against control due to improved detoxification of the studied toxin. The coefficient of dry matter digestibility in gilts of this group was higher than in control by 3.1% (P˂0.05); the organic matter was higher by 3.2% (P˂0.05); crude Protein was higher by 3.2% (P˂0.05); fiber is higher by 3.4% (P˂0.05) and NFE (nitrogen-free extract) by 2.7% with a decrease in the digestibility of crude fat by 2.8% (P˂0.05). The authors found that gilts of the 3rd experimental group, who consumed a mixture of tested feed additives per day in the accounting period of the study, deposited 24.86 g of nitrogen in the body, which is significantly (P˂0.05) more than the control analogs - by 2.85 g. In addition, the animals of the 3rd experimental group absorbed better calcium and phosphorus in the diet.

The bee family belongs entirely to the class of insects in the genus Apis, and in its way of life, it has the characteristics of higher warm-blooded animals. It is the family as a biological unit that exists all the time. Inside the family, the temperature is always favorable (+36 ºC). It, unlike insects, does not go into anabiosis. The bee family is not a pet and cannot even be tamed. The man uses bee families’ homes as blackbrown foxes, sables, and other game animals. Man has spent the last 200 years trying to create a system of breeding in beekeeping. But instead of working with bee families, all continents have worked only with queen bees, not with families. Working only with uteruses cannot solve the breeding problem or give a desirable positive result. During these two centuries, scientists have created many new breeds: cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, chickens, dogs, etc. During these two centuries, scientists have made many new breeds: cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, chickens, dogs, etc. As far as beekeeping is concerned, what we started with, we got. Sometimes for self-deception, they proclaim that they created the Priokskaya breed, the Krasnaya Polyana breed, the Bakfastovskaya breed, etc. They only got the mongrels. Bee families and family members: queens, dormice, and worker bees retained their original behavioral, exterior, and interior features. The only progress has been in the technology of keeping, caring for, and reproducing bee families. Reproduction in a bee family is twofold: sexual and asexual. Sexless reproduction is natural, and humans can reproduce families artificially. The bee family members are born sexually: mothers, drones, and worker bees. Only bee families reproduce asexually. Over two centuries, various authors have produced a vast amount of literature on breeding. All breeding methods aim to breed mothers and place them in ordinary families to improve them. The scientists conducted such studies in our country, Europe, and the United States. But over two centuries, no breed has been created using only the mothers alone. Over this long period, no breeders have noticed how nature has created dozens of bee breeds. Breeders were not interested, let alone studied “in what way nature created dozens of bee breeds.” Individual scientists have made attempts and tried to unravel the secrets of nature. The solution to this question was close to C. Darwin, A.F. Gubin, I.A. Khalifman, and V.A. Gubin. We at the Kemerovo experimental station and then at the Department of Zoology and Fisheries of the Novosibirsk Agricultural Institute (now Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) studied this issue, and we solved the mysteries of nature and received sensational answers to them.

The authors presented a study on the age influence of the first mating on the ewe’s exterior of the Katun type of the Gorno-Altai breed sheep. Two groups of first-calving ewes were formed at different ages: group 1 at 12 months and group 2 at 24 months. The authors evaluated the exterior of the ewes by taking measurements. The mothers with lambs are on year-round pasture, lambing took place in May, and the authors carried out the weaning of lambs at four months. Sheep one year old and mature early have well-developed solid bones and excellent latitudinal and volumetric measurements. They are slightly inferior to those at two years of age, but the difference is not significant. The data obtained from udder studies of the udders of the studied groups show that udders of older female ewes are better developed, but the difference is unreliable. Young ewe-sheep at 12 months of age are inferior to two-year-old sows in stretching and bunching. The best development in this group was the extended leg and thoracic indexes. The bone index was about the same in all groups. Young animals obtained from ewes at the age of two years are superior to lambs from younger mothers in live weight in all periods of growth. The live weight of young animals at weaning at four months was 8.2% more (P>0.95). This trend continued at six months of age, amounting to 2.8 kg. Thus, when using the broodmares in reproduction at an early age, selecting well-developed broodmares with a live weight of 38 kg or more, and providing them with optimal feeding and housing conditions, it is possible to conduct mating in the year of their birth. The mating of yarks in the year of birth will reduce maintenance costs, increase their economic life, and shorten the interval between generations, contributing to a better rate of herd genetic improvement.

The presented data reflect the bio-element status of the coat of Novosibirsk dogs with different types of feeding. The authors studied two groups of animals kept in apartments with a double active exercise. The first group of dogs received dry food balanced with essential nutrients, and the second group received meat, porridge, and vegetables. Results showed that dogs on a natural diet had cobalt and chromium levels below the reference values. On the other hand, dogs whose diet consisted of dry food had a more balanced bioelement composition of the coat. The exceptions were arsenic, iodine, and strontium, whose values exceeded the limit of the physiological norm.

The paper presents the study results of a drug designed to treat and prevent postpartum uterine inflammatory diseases in cows based on quinazoline - Hinasept-gel. The authors used the results of a toxicological study, the study of antimicrobial activity, its study of hematological parameters, natural resistance, and the identification of the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of Hinasept-gel. The authors also found that the drug has a complex therapeutic effect, showing a high preventive (85.2%) and therapeutic (96.4%) effect, accompanied by improved livestock reproduction. In addition, the drug does not have a toxic effect on animals in therapeutic doses, does not have an allergenic and sensitizing impact, and does not irritate the uterine mucosa. Also, the medicine normalizes the main hematological and immunological parameters within 15 days of its use.

Using the reaction of anaphylaxis with desensitization on guinea pigs, the antigenic structure of lymphoid organs in leukemia and other pathologies of cattle was studied. It is believed that neoplasia is the result of a distortion of the gene activity program due to the introduction of an oncogenic virus into the cell genome, integration with other biological objects, or gene mutation. All this leads to the emergence, first of all, of quantitative anomalies, expressed in continuous, uncontrolled cell division, cell migration and changes in their biochemical activity. In all likelihood, the essence of the identified differences described in the article is that in the biological fluids of cows with leukemia there are, in addition to BLV antigens, water-soluble leukemia-associated antigens.

Federal Service controls export consignments for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance specialists in the assigned territory and the area of responsibility. Developing the export potential of the Novosibirsk region’s agro-industrial complex is one of the promising areas of business support programs. Enterprises engaged in export deliveries are liable to customers and regulatory authorities because they are subject to enhanced control. Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance acts as a guarantor of the quality of supplied products. The risk-based approach implies the definition of criteria and a set of evaluation methods in implementing the powers of control and oversight activities. Implementing this pre-assessment system allows specialists to identify the most critical enterprises and implement a plan of approach, which enables them to keep specialists manageable. Rosselkhoznadzor specialists carry out control and supervision activities, export deliveries, registration of business entities in the FSIS “Mercury” system, and other actions on the principles of a risk-based approach.

One method of preventing mineral metabolism diseases in birds is to enrich feed rations with natural additives derived from non-traditional raw materials. A source of minerals can be, in particular, mineral crumbs obtained by processing seafood shells. In this regard, the research aimed to assess the quality and safety indicators of mineral supplements made from seafood shells. The authors in the article described the technological process and equipment for obtaining mineral chips and mineral mixtures. The study’s results indicate the high quality and safety of seafood shells. The determined insignificant content of foreign and metal magnetic impurities and the absence of pathogenic microorganisms prove its suitability for feeding. In addition to safety indicators, one of the most important factors is the mass fraction of calcium and magnesium carbonates involved in the mineral metabolism of the poultry body. These indicators of the mineral crumb and mineral mixture were 99.75% and 95%, respectively. The obtained result exceeds by 8.5-8.9 % the similar hand of lime flour (85 %), also intended for introduction into the ration of poultry.

he authors in the article presented an overview of the sustainable development goals in the field of “ecology” for individual countries of the world and the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation (SFD). The purpose of the study is to analyze the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in rural areas in SFD regions at the moment according to the indicators presented by U.N. General Assembly resolution A/RES/70/1. In addition, the authors considered the factors influencing the achievement of the SDGs. The research methods were retrospective and statistical analyses. Furthermore, the study also examined indirect determinants, year by year, that affect the development of the SDGs in the regions. Finally, the study presents proposals for optimizing the environmental situation in SFD subjects and the effective management of measures to achieve the SDGs.

Based on Russian-language literature published in the Soviet Union in the 1960s, the author presented a picture of the publication of printed materials and the structure of works that covered the history of the rural economy and crafts on the territory of “barbaric” Europe. The author also presented the points of view of researchers on these issues.