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Innovations and Food Safety

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No 1 (2018)

Innovative development of agribusiness

7-15 201
Abstract
The results of improving of the technological process of producing the predatory mite Phytoseiulus are presented. The main element of improved technology was inorganic substrates instead of soil for growing bean plants. It was found that inorganic substrates influence the germination capacity, the area of the leaf surface and the height of the bean stems. The best parameters of plant growth and development were obtained with vermiculite and its mixture with expanded clay (in the ratio 1:1). In these variants, both in the initial application and after 5 cycles of plant cultivation, the germination of seeds and the area of the bean leaves were significantly higher, as compare with soil. In inorganic substrates, in comparison with the soil, in the course of their long-term operation, CFU of phytopathogenic fungi of the r. Fusarium was 3.3-3.8 times less, and no soil pests were detected, as a result of which, the phytosanitary state of plants was improved. Vermiculite provides the optimal conditions for the growth and development of the beans root system that leads to reduced amount of watering and resulted in the reduction in the labor intensity of ongoing plant care operations at all stages of the Phytoseiulus cultivation technology. The predator obtained on plants grown on inorganic substrates have biotic potential, fecundity and gluttony which is the main indicators of predator quality - corresponded to the requirements of the technological regulations.
16-18 188
Abstract
New documents kasayushchy veterinary supervision - a kompartmentalization and the status of the enterprises.

Quality control and production safety

19-23 138
Abstract
Lesions of lymph nodes and parenchymatous rgans in carcassess of pigs reacted positively to tuberculin test in novosibirsk region. Results are given from after-slaughter diagnosis of tuberculosis and mycobacterioses in pigs reared at farms of Novosibirsk Region, indicated that the affection level of carcasses of pigs reacted positively to tuberculin test is 8.9 percent. Lesions are mainly localized in lymph nodes of the head and the intestine that is significative of an alimentary infection. Boars and sows are affected more often.
24-31 184
Abstract
Modern technology of poultry meat processing allows creating attractive products that are in constant demand among consumers. However, periodically revealed qualitative and information falsifications of these products, as well as violations of the sanitary and epidemiological regime and the technology of its production create conditions that prevent the use of products for their intended purpose. The aim of the research was a comprehensive assessment of the quality of semi-finished products from poultry meat of the trade mark «Healthy Farm» (producer: Uralbroiler, Chelyabinsk Region, Argayash District, Ishalino Village). As subjects of research, the breasts was used in the cooled and frozen state. It was found that the packaging of refrigerated semi-finished products was a sealed substrate with an SES film, the frozen ones were on a substrate covered with a stretch film. The labeling of the natural semi-finished products examined was complete and complied with the requirements of the state standard 51074-2003 and the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 022/2011, 005/2011. Samples of semi-finished products corresponded to the requirements of state standard 31936-2012 for organoleptic indicators, protein content, fat, temperature in the muscle thickness. The content of antibiotics, pesticides, toxic elements did not exceed the permissible levels of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 021/2011 and Sanitary Rules and Norms 2.3.2.1078-01, was the same, both in refrigerated and frozen semi-finished products. Bacteria of the group of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected in acceptable amounts of products. The number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative-anaerobic microorganisms in the breasts was 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than the permissible level. However, the amount of mesophilic microflora in the frozen breasts was 2 times less than in the cooled samples. It is determined that the quality of the breasts, conditioned by the depth of the low-temperature treatment, affects only the microbiological stability of the products.
32-39 197
Abstract
The aim of the research was to study the effect of black cumin seed cake on the quality and mineral value of steamed cutlets. Natural steamed pork cutlets (pork loin) were used for control, non-traditional plant material was added during the experiment (1.5 % for the 1st test sample, 3 % for the 2nd test sample, 5 % for the 3rd test sample). In the course of the tests, the cake proved to possess the following specific characteristics: a typical neutral smell; moderately bitter taste with no flavor; black-brown color; high content of mineral elements (mg/kg) - ferrum (411.28 ± 41.13), manganese (41.80 ± 13.79), copper (19.59 ± 1.96), magnesium (3720.50 ± 1004.50), zinc (51.60 ± 5.16). Black cumin seed cake in the amount of 1.5 % introduced some inclusions of black-brown color into the finished product. As a result, the test samples corresponded to the category of «very good» quality. The cake in the amount of 3 % changed the color more and made the taste of the cutlets spicier, which corresponded to the category of «good» quality. The cake in the amount of 5 % formed a herbaceous taste, satisfactory, somewhat dry consistency, and an excessively black color of the product, which corresponded to the «below average» category. Test sample No. 2 was used in further research. It was found that the moisture, protein, fat, and salt content in the control sample and in test sample No. 2 was at the same level. The ash content in the test sample was higher than in the control one by 16 %. The number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms after 24 hours of storage tended to decrease, while in the control sample it increased by 28 %. As for mineral elements, test sample No. 2 contained more manganese (10 times more), calcium (3.3 times), iron (2.5 times), copper (1.7 times), magnesium (1.5 times), and phosphorus (by 23 %).
40-44 283
Abstract
The main indicators of prevalence and epizootic process of enterococcal infection of pigs and piglets in the Krasnodar region are analyzed.
45-47 288
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to the problem of ecological safety of food and animal feed. Most researchers believe that the toxicity of feeds is associated with the use of pesticides and agrochemicals at the stage of obtaining raw materials of plant and animal origin, as well as with technogenic pollution of the environment. The use of infusoria as test objects has become widespread in toxicological studies that allow obtaining a qualitative express assessment of the investigated objects.

Resource saving technologies

48-57 138
Abstract
The integrated results of ichthyological studies for a long period are reported. The factors influencing the size-age composition and reproduction of aquatic biological resources are considered by the example of northern pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758), bream (Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758)) and golden carp (Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)). The size of possible fish capture is calculated. The results of studies on heavy metal accumulation in the tissues of the main commercial fishery species in the Altai Territory water bodies are discussed, and also the epizootic situation of human pathogenic diseases is given.
58-64 149
Abstract
Currently, the number of potent hepatocarcinogens include aflatoxins (especially aflatoxin B1), which have a pronounced mutagenic and teratogenic effect. Their effect on the bird’s body is to suppress vital functions, such as the synthesis of protein, nucleic acids, a violation of lipid synthesis. It should be noted that genetic progress in increasing the meat production of broilers led to an increase in the intensity of metabolic processes, which in turn increased sensitivity to mycotoxins. The purpose of the study is to study the features of productivity and intermediate exchange in broilers of domestic and foreign crosses when using the formula inhibitor of toxin-nil mold in the formulation of their mixed fodders at the risk of aflatoxicosis. In this article, it was shown that at a tolerant level of aflatoxin B1, the best adaptation of the organism from broilers of foreign breeding was characterized by chickens of cross-country «Ross-308» and domestic breeding - cross «Smena-7». The results of the research showed that under the conditions of North Ossetia-Alania at the risk of aflatoxicosis, broilers of the domestic cross-country «Smena-7» and foreign «Ross-308» possessed the best economic-useful signs and the state of intermediate metabolism, which included the preparation of Toxi in the rations for detoxification of aflatoxin B1 -nil at a dosage of 2 kg / ton feed. Feeding of the approved drug contributed to the improvement of the functional activity of the liver of the foreign rosy bird Ross-308 and the domestic one - Smena-7, which, as regards control in broilers of groups II and IV, manifested itself in a significant (P> 0.95) increase in the concentration of this gland of dry substances by 0.94 and 0.98 %, of protein by 1.21 and 1.36 %, of glycogen by 10.45 and 10.52 %, and the fat content, on the contrary, was lower by 0.33 and 0.36 % (P> 0.95), respectively.
65-68 128
Abstract
The results of the research show the effectiveness of applying infrared radiation to dextrinization starch grains of wheat are formed on a mesh tray in a thin layer in one caryopsis. It is established that the explosion of the grain was reduced to 60 seconds at a flux density of infrared radiation 23 kW/m2, grain moisture 12 %, dextrinization starch reached 62-66 glucose mg/g dry matter, the energy consumption decreased by up to 0.4 kWh/kg.
69-72 146
Abstract
А large role in strengthening the animal feed base, replenishing it with various feeds and nutrients can play a forest, a variety of waste generated during its operation and wood processing. The bark contains fiber, a number of valuable nutrients, flavoring and biologically active substances, which allows it to be attributed to a potential source of raw materials for the production of fodder products. From the bark can be cooked meal, coarse feed, additives and semi-finished products for different feed mixtures.
73-78 126
Abstract
This article presents the results of studies that show that in order to intensify the processes of denitrification in the body to cows in whose rations nitrates are present in a sub-toxic dose, the enzyme preparation of protosubtilin G3x at a dose of 0.03 % and vitamin C in a dose of 0, 04 % of the dry matter norm. In dairy cattle of the 3 experimental group, a significant (P> 0.95) increase in the amount of VFA by 1.61 mmol / 100 ml occurred in the contents of the prednis. At the same time, due to activation of the nitrate reductase activity of microflora in the contents of the rumen of animals of the 3 experimental group, the content of acetic acid proved to be significant (P> 0.95) by 4.11 % compared to the control group. With the combined feeding of biologically active preparations in relation to the control group, in the cows of the 3 experimental groups, a significant (P> 0.95) increase in the number of Flavobacterium vitarumen bacteria per 26,000 / ml and a proteinase activity of 3.07 % occurred in the scar’s contents. Moreover, in the cows of the 3 experimental groups, a significant (P> 0.95) increase in the level of ammonia by 2.53 mmol / l occurred with the control of the contents of the prednisals, with a parallel decrease in the content of nitrates - by 53.0 % and nitrites by 54.3 %.
79-84 336
Abstract
Respiratory disease in cattle on farms make up 65-80 % of the total number of diseases. The classic clinical symptoms of respiratory disease: body temperature above 40 °C, shortness of breath different degrees due to nasal discharge, reduced appetite or complete lack of it (feed refusal), isolated from the herd. Important for diagnosing respiratory diseases is the evaluation of the results of hematological and immunological studies of blood from infected animals. Therapy of respiratory diseases of young cattle is an actual problem of veterinary medicine, as existing treatments are not sufficiently effective, complex and expensive, so there remains the problem of finding new, effective means to increase the duration and intensity of postvaccinal immunity in calves. This article demonstrates the effectiveness of the drug Konergin in the treatment of respiratory diseases 1-3 month calves of black-motley breed in the Novosibirsk region, which allows to recommend this drug for industrial purposes. Drug Konergin, developed by Closed Joint Stock « Rosvetfarm « and proposed for the treatment of respiratory disease of calves 1-3 months of age, but also enhance the vitality of newborn calves, contains a synthetic glycosides antiviral action, vitamins, stimulants of physiological processes and organism resistance.
85-91 166
Abstract
The results of studies of the effect of the natural chelate of silicon when included in the diets of young laying hens on the performance and interior quality of poultry products. In a dosage of 3 % to the main diet, it has a positive effect on the quality and safety of poultry products, products meet the requirements of TR CU 021/2011, which allows recommending the use of chelated silicon on an industrial scale poultry farms.
92-96 178
Abstract
Ketosis of dairy cows is one of the most common metabolic disorders in contemporary cattle breeding. The research goal was to study the dependence of ketone body level in cow blood on the degree of hepatic injury. The study was conducted on the Training and Experimental Farm «Prigorodnoye» of the Altai State Agricultural University in winter and spring; ketotic Black-Pied cows were investigated. The animals were selected on an on-going basis according to the tests which determined total ketone bodies (TKB) and their fractions - beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), and acetoacetic acid and acetone (AcAc) in their blood. Liver samples for histological study were taken immediately after slaughter and bleeding. Histological sections were prepared by paraffin-embedding technique in microtome. Previously, the cows were subjected to clinical examination to check the general condition, body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate and rumen contraction rate. Different histological patterns were found in ketotic cows: from a total absence of visible changes under light microscopy to macrovesicular centrolobular and total hepatic steatosis. The highest levels of TKB, BHB and BHB/AcAc were found in cows without high-grade fatty liver - 3.34 ± 0.23 mmol / L; 2.69 ± 0.2 mmol / L; and 3.8 ± 0.5, respectively. More severe liver damage is accompanied by the decrease of the above levels and AcAc increase. Macrovesicular total hepatic steatosis was accompanied by a relatively low levels of TKB (2.25 ± 0.24 mmol / L), BHB/AcAc (1.1 ± 0.2), and the highest AcAc concentration (1.07 ± 0.07 mmol / L). Fatty liver infiltration in ketotic cows is accompanied by increased blood levels of the most toxic fraction of ketone bodies - AcAc, glucose, alkaline reserve, and decreased levels of TKB, BHB, and BHB/AcAc ratio.

SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AS A SOURCE FOR PRODUCTIVE FORCES DEVELOPMENT

TIMELINE. EVENTS. FACTS

124-131 170
Abstract
The reformation of the state veterinary service of the country has been going on for more than 16 years. Reform involves improvement, carried out in order to improve, without changing the foundations, which were formed, as a rule, dozens, if not hundreds of years. Reforming Russian veterinary service has turned into a complete destruction of its foundations.

РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ

97-104 212
Abstract
The efficiency of the use of 2 preparations based on the interaction of indolyl oil acid auxin (IMC) and nanocarbon fullerene particles on spring wheat and barley has been studied. One drug was IMK with fullerene, the other extras were added macro - and micronutrients. Thanks fullerenes concentration of plant hormone in the formulations was reduced tenfold. Preparations were used in the Northern forest-steppe of Priobye to protect spring wheat of the Novosibirsk 31 and spring barley of the Acha variety from the negative impact of herbicides. Culture were sown on the predecessor of potatoes and was treated in the tillering tank mixture scorpio super (0,7 l/ha), grench (7 g/ha) and trend (0.2 l/ha). Inside of crops in small experiments, the herbicides were added to the studied drugs. It is revealed that the use of IMC with fullerene contributed to the rapid recovery of grain crops after chemical treatment, leading to an increase in plant biomass and the size of flag leaves and ears. Economic and economic efficiency of use of studied preparations is established. Yield of spring wheat grain under the influence of the preparation containing IMK, fullerene C60 and nutrients increased by 22.3 %, barley by 10.6 %, under the influence of another drug by 14.5 %. A crucial role in yield formation on the culture of barley was played by changes in the density of productive stalks and the number of kernels in wheat on spring wheat - the fulfillment of grain.

ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ ВЕТЕРИНАРНОЙ ПРАКТИКИ

111-115 348
Abstract
Data on the use as an antiviral drug of endovirase in the treatment of cats suffering from panleukopenia and coronavirus enteritis are given. The studies are conducted in a comparative aspect with reaferon-EC. It is shown that the use of endovirase significantly shortens the duration of treatment for panleukopenia and, in particular, coronavirus enteritis. The effectiveness of treatment is confirmed by the results of PCR diagnostics and blood tests.
116-123 177
Abstract
The article presents the results of the study of the effectiveness of the method for treating burn injury in animals with the use of pharmacological mixtures (iodine-chlorophylliptic solution and vinyl-salicyl liniment), which were made taking into account the phase nature of the wound process for burns. The iodinol-chlorophylliptic solution contains iodine, novocaine, 1 % alcohol solution of chlorophyllipt (diluted 1: 5 with distilled water) and dimexide. The composition of vinyl-salicylic liniment includes salicylic acid, vinylin, 1 % alcohol solution of chlorophyllipt (diluted 1: 5 with distilled water) and lavender oil. In the first phase of the wound process for the treatment of burns in animals of the experimental group No2, dressings impregnated with iodine-chlorophylliptine solution were applied, and vinyllin-salicyl liniment was applied to the burn wound in the second phase of the wound process. It was established that the healing of experimental burn wounds in dogs of the experimental group № 2 occurred faster than in the control group and in the experimental group № 1 and without complication with a secondary infection. Clinical indices in the animals of the experimental group № 2 corresponded to the physiological norm already by the 7th day. Hematological and biochemical indices in animals of all study groups remained within the physiological norm, but only in the experimental group No2 to the 21st day, all the indices were as close as possible to the initial data. The use of the proposed method of treatment promoted the healing of burn wounds in dogs of the experimental group № 2 by 30-32 days, whereas in dogs of the experimental group № 1 the complete healing of burns was noted only to 34-36 days, and in the control group to 39-41 days.


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ISSN 2311-0651 (Print)