Despite the sufficient volume of wheat flour production, there are low-grade, falsified products on the consumer market, and flour with low baking properties is also found. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to assess the quality and nutritional value of first grade baking wheat flour from different manufacturers. Studied: organoleptic, physico-chemical, hygienic quality indicators, the content of dietary fiber, mineral elements and vitamins. It was determined that all flour samples in terms of organoleptic indicators met the regulated requirements of GOST 26574-2017, in terms of the amount of pesticides and mycotoxins - the norms of SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01 and TR TS 021/2011. Flour produced by IP A.A. Mikhailyuta (Omsk region, Kormilovsky district, Pobeditel village) met the requirements of the current standard for first-class products in terms of physical and chemical parameters, was safe in terms of the level of heavy metals within the framework of current regulatory documents, and had a complete macro- and micronutrient composition. Flour produced by JSC “Shadrinsk combine of bread products” (Kurgan region, Shadrinsk) turned out to be unsafe in terms of Pb content, the excess of which was more than 3 times, which is unacceptable. Flour produced by KFH V.V. Malyutov (Ivanovo region, Puchezhsky district, Poperekovo village) did not meet the requirements of GOST 26574-2017 in terms of such indicators as the quantity and quality of gluten, ash content, which may indicate its falsification.

The authors chose five samples of ice cream from different brands of domestic producers as objects of study. The authors used a paired method for determining desirability during testing, which is used to identify qualitative differences and the desirability of goods of the same name by the requirements of SS R (State Standard R) 53161-2008. The authors also carried out an organoleptic assessment according to SS R ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 22935-2-2011 Milk and dairy products and organoleptic analysis of paragraph 14, SS 31457-2021 Milk ice cream, cream, and ice cream. The results of the evaluation of ice cream samples by the method of pairwise comparison are also presented. The authors identified evaluation criteria that reflect the consumer properties and attractiveness of the product: packaging, labeling, and organoleptic indicators. The authors have identified evaluation criteria that reflect the consumer properties and attractiveness of the product: packaging, labeling, and organoleptic indicators. Differences in the samples were established. A comparative analysis of the composition showed that one of the samples contains annatto dye, which is not included in the list of food additives for use in the manufacture of ice cream. As a result of testing, the authors identified the most desirable sample. The obtained data can be considered reproducible, taking into account the error probability of 0.01%. The results have practical implications for manufacturers in developing new product lines to meet customer requirements, and for consumers in choosing a competitive product from a variety of product ranges that differ in price and quality.

Lake Kulundinskoye (Kulunda) has been experiencing a downward trend in water salinity over the past three years (from 2017 to 2020) due to an increase in the overall level of moisture in the Altai Territory. In connection with this decrease, the authors observe changes in the composition of the zooplankton in the hypersaline water reservoir. The biota is replenished with brackish-water hydrobionts and the density of various aged individuals of Artemia crustacean and its cysts decreases under conditions of low water salinity.

In the article, the authors substantiated the relevance and expediency of using needles as a herbal ingredient in the development of various product categories. The authors also conducted a content analysis of the data on the chemical composition of needles, indicating the uniqueness of the studied plant ingredient. The main forms of application of needles are represented by extracts based on alcohol or water essence, obtained by infusion, as well as CO2-extraction. The author’s generalized information on the type of needles used - the article presents needles of fir, juniper, spruce, pine, and other types of coniferous plants. Categories of homogeneous products using needles are different: flavor products, honey, bakery products, confectionery, biologically active substances, and alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks. The authors also summarized information on the cities of the Russian Federation, where products are being developed using needles. The list of patent holders was analyzed by the form of ownership of the organization: individuals, scientific organizations, etc., and trends were identified for the publication of patents using the studied raw materials over the years.

In the article, the author presents a theoretical analysis of the social functions of self-employment in modern Russia during a pandemic, sanctions, and isolation based on a sociological study. The public sector, which has dominated Russia for a little less than a century, has practically given way to the private sector, forcing a new attitude to many facts, such as self-employment. The shadow market of the self-employed turns out for Russia, first of all, in huge, incomparable budget losses. The shadow labour market of self-employed citizens makes representatives of small and medium-sized businesses engaged in similar activities uncompetitive. Self-employment and this is a fact, is inextricably linked with corruption. At the same time, it should be noted that self-employment also performs positive social functions. First of all, self-employment regulates the labour market, does not allow unemployment to grow, and contributes to the survival of a large stratum of our citizens who, for various reasons, due to various life circumstances, found themselves below the poverty line. For several years now, thanks to self-employment in our society, the gap between the poor and the super-rich has been narrowing. Self-employment has played a significant role and will certainly continue to play in the context of the pandemic. The historic events of February 24 this year, related to the special operation in Ukraine, showed that thanks to the efforts of the leader of our country, the Russian army has already gained the ability to ensure the security of our Motherland for many years to come. And this is very important. Tough sanctions, an attempt at an economic blockade, and isolation of our state will allow us to create a model of a new economy based on our strengths. Now the key task for Vladimir Putin is precisely the solution to the issue of economic independence. Self-employment should again play a positive role in the abundance of sanctions and isolation, when tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, and possibly millions of our fellow citizens have lost and continue to lose their means of subsistence in an instant.

In the article, the authors presented the results of studies of the process of ultrasonic exposure to a suspension of sunflower cake and whey. These studies were carried out by the authors to obtain a feed additive of increased value and safety for animal feeding. Ultrasound (US) is mechanical wave vibrations with frequencies greater than 20,000 vibrations per second (20 kHz). Ultrasonic waves propagate in solid, liquid and gaseous media, have high mechanical energy and cause several physical, chemical, and biological phenomena. Sunflower cake conglomerates with a particle size of 1370-1696 microns are destroyed into small ones with an average size of 18-172 microns due to the cavitation effect. As a result, a gel-like mass is formed from a simple mixture of components, which significantly improves the process of assimilation of the structured nutrients of the cake when feeding animals, i.e., enhances its value. The authors have identified the temperature-time modes for the ratio of the components of cake/whey 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8. The authors also determined the optimal temperature is 60-70 °C, and the processing time is 20 minutes. The authors also found that at a ratio of 1:8, the temperature of the mixture at all time values was lower due to a decrease in the viscosity of the resulting suspension. Microbial inactivation occurs under the action of ultrasound, this is especially noticeable with a larger amount of serum since in a liquid medium the cavitation process proceeds more intensively. As a result of statistical processing of process indicators, the authors concluded that with an increase in the duration (exposure) of processing, a decrease in the microbiological contamination of the additive occurs. This processing makes the feed additive safe for animal feeding.

In the article, the authors presented practical recommendations on the involvement of fallow lands in the agrarian and biotechnical turnover on the example of the state nature reserve of federally significant (SNRFS) “Kirzinsky”. The authors determined the geographic locations of fallow lands as well as the coordinates of the placement of fodder fields for winter feeding of roe deer in the areas of existing winter habitats by using the method of biotechnical zoning of the territory of the reserve. Fallow lands are the basis for the formation of a perennial feeding platform to support wild ungulates during abnormal periods of the winter cycle. The results of biotechnical experiments made it possible to develop and implement an integrated system of biotechnical measures for the conservation of the Siberian roe deer in the winter. The use of fallow lands contributed to an increase in the number of Siberian roe deer by almost three times with the use of biotechnical measures on the territory of the Kirzinsky State Nature Reserve. The developed methodological provisions formed the basis of the biotechnical manual “Scientifically based biotechnical system for the conservation and increase in the number of Siberian roe deer in the state natural reserves of Western Siberia”, recommended for practical use in the biotechnical development of protected natural areas.

In the article, the authors present data on the development parameters of replacement heifers, milk productivity, reproduction rates, and economic longevity of Simmental cows of domestic and foreign selection in the farms of the mountainous regions of the Altai Republic and the Altai Territory. For the first time, the authors determined the efficiency of breed use (EIP) according to the method of M.A. Svyazhenina (2012) and proposed to supplement this method with an indicator of the age of insemination of heifers. In all the herds studied, the authors note the optimal indicators of herd reproduction, which indicates the high adaptability of animals of these genotypes to extreme natural and climatic conditions. The productive longevity of cows of domestic selection is significantly higher (p<0.05) - by 53.5-96.0% than in animals of German-Austrian origin. In the mountainous regions of Altai, the use of cows of the Simmental breed of the German-Austrian selection is effective mainly due to their higher milk productivity. According to the average milk yield for 305 days of lactation - 5165.1 kg, full-aged cows of German-Austrian origin in the farm “Fokin” significantly (p <0.05) surpassed their peers of domestic selection by - 36.4-71.3%, the efficiency of using the breed in this farm amounted to 0.963. The efficiency of the use of the breed in the “OS “AESH” with an average milk yield per lactation of 3446.7 kg is also high - 0.925 due to the indices of economic longevity and reproductive ability. The average efficiency index was obtained in the Agricultural Production Cooperative Breeding Stud (APCBS) “Amursky” - 0.882 and Federal State Budgetary Institution “Experimental Station “Novotalitskoye” - 0.828. In the APCBS “Amursky” the decrease in the efficiency of the use of the breed was affected by the insufficient milk productivity of cows, and in the “Experimental Station “Novotalitskoye” - the late age of insemination of heifers, an extended service period and an insufficient period of economic use of animals.

The authors studied the genetic diversity of the reproductive nucleus of mini-pigs at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G) of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS). To do this, the authors used the indicators of individual homo- and heterozygosity, calculated based on the «blood fractions» of large and small forms of domestic pigs, initial for the breeding group. The study showed that the average value of individual heterozygosity (conditionally actual) is 0.800±0.004, while homozygosity for the contribution of large and small forms of the domestic pig is 0.020±0.002 and 0.180±0.010, respectively. The indicator «blood fraction» can have two interpretations: 1) the probability of transmission of the ancestral allele in several generations; 2) the proportion of the genome of the ancestor that is present in the descendant. The authors determined their frequencies, which turned out to be 0.424 and 0.576 as if assuming the presence of a hypothetical locus with different alleles in the large and small forms of the domestic pig (respectively Ak and Am). The authors calculated heterozygosity for the breeding nucleus based on these frequencies while respecting the Hardy-Weinberg law. As a result, it turned out that the unbiased value is 0.493±0.067, which is significantly (P<0.001) less than the observed conditional-actual value. Selection is carried out according to a set of signs of general fitness (state of health, reproductive qualities, the viability of offspring, etc.) during the formation of the reproductive core of the breeding group of mini-pigs of the IC&G SB RAS. Therefore, the authors concluded that the increased heterozygosity of the breeding stock is due to the preferential selection of heterozygotes. But since selection is carried out according to a set of signs of general fitness, it can be stated that in the reproductive core of the selection group there is an effect of nonspecific heterosis due to heterozygosity. As a result, selection into the reproductive nucleus of individuals with high values of individual heterozygosity calculated by the proposed method can provide heterosis based on general adaptiveness.

Introduction to Siberia of bees of different breeds such as Italian Apis mellifera ligustica Spin., Apis mellifera carnica Pollm., Kuban (yellow Caucasian) Apis mellifera remipes Gerst., Far Eastern Apis mellifera acervorum, grey mountain Caucasian Apis mellifera caucasica Gorb. led to the fact that crossbreeds of an unknown generation predominate in the Novosibirsk region. These bees are rich in swarms, do not winter well, and the egg-laying of the queens is low. Currently, the importation of packet bees has stopped due to sharp increases in fuel prices (fuels and lubricants) and air and rail transport. But the importation of fetal queen bees is still ongoing. The authors studied the method of reproduction of bee colonies to preserve the beekeeping industry in Western Siberia. In one of the promising regions of Western Siberia, in the Vasyugan swamps, nectariferous plants grow for breeding bees. In that place, plants grow such as Rubus idaeus L. (common raspberry), Angelica sylvestris L. (wood angelica), Archangelica decurrens L. (Siberian angelica), Ribus nigrum L. (black currant), Sonchus arvensis L. (field sow thistle), Melilotus officinalis L. (yellow sweet clover), Melilotus albus Medik. (White sweet clover), Centaurea scabiosa L. (rough cornflower), Salix L. (willow), Taraxacum Wigg. (dandelion), Dracocephalum nutans L. (Siberian snakehead), Glechoma bederaceae L. (ivy-shaped budra), Prunella vulgaris L. (common blackhead). These plants are an excellent forage base for beekeeping. For two years of research, the authors found that the collection of honey per bee colony was in the group where the bees were propagated by natural swarming, 51.8 ± 5.1 kg, individual layering - 49.9 ± 4.3, prefabricated layering - 55, 6±3.1 kg. The strength of the families that went into the winter was 8.47±0.30; 8.77±0.20 and 9.06±0.40 bee space, respectively. Reproduction of bee colonies for two years showed that it is possible to increase the number of bee colonies from 4 to 16 (403%) by natural swarming, by individual layers - up to 19 (572%), and teams - up to 17 (422%).

In the 21st century, in modern veterinary reproduction, the study of vaginal smear cytology is very promising. This method is simple to implement and has a relatively low cost. Its use in the clinical reproduction of dogs is of great diagnostic value, as well as in the diagnosis of gynaecological diseases. The method of vaginal cytology allows you to most accurately determine the beginning and end of the fertile period. The purpose of the work is to study the modern method of diagnosing “hidden sex activity” in a female dog and to describe a clinical case of determining the day of the oestrous cycle by the cytological method. The objectives of the research are 1) to study the cellular composition of smears of a female dog at different stages of the sexual cycle; 2) features of the estrus cycle based on changes in the picture of the cytological smear and identify the days of estrus.

In the Russian Federation, the presence of all serotypes of Salmonella in products is unacceptable. However, the existing ELISA tests are applicable for seromonitoring for the presence of antibodies only to Salmonella of several serotypes. In the article, the authors proposed a system based on the agglutination reaction with a fluorescently labeled antigen - IRA. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the use of IRA in the example of an analysis of the epizootic situation at one of the poultry farms in Russia and to show an example of the interpretation of the results of serological studies to control bacterial infections in broiler chickens. The peculiarity of the new modification is that in ultraviolet rays the negative reaction of the “button” glows in the form of a dot. The authors studied sera from a herd of broiler chickens affected by Salmonellosis and found antibodies to Salmonella of two serotypes, Infantis and Hamburg. The analysis of seroprevalence to these two Salmonella serotypes made it possible to assess the greater epizootic significance for Hamburg serotype Salmonella. The use of the IRA, incl. based on antigens from bacterial cultures isolated from poultry products, and pathological material, allows for serological diagnosis of bacterial infections of birds concerning the entire variety of bacteria that can be found in a poultry farm, unlike ELISA systems.

A brief history of the formation of the breed, its official recognition by the Russian Cynological Federation, and its development in Russia are presented in the example of Novosibirsk.