One of the exclusive European products is camembert cheese. This is a soft cheese with a current consistency, rich taste, and aroma, with a characteristic crust, on top of which the white mould Penicillium camembert grows. However, the organoleptic characteristics of the classic camembert are particular and differ from the taste habits of Russians. Russian consumers do not like too fluid cheeses and flavorful. This has caused a lot of problems with its sale. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to adjust the primary operations in the technological map related to the processing of cheese grains and moulding, as well as the selection of starter cultures. In our research, we suggest that after cutting the clot, the cheese grain should be set and the moulds filled utterly, reducing the cost of cheese moulding. The second factor that we propose is the use of domestic mesophilic starter culture MN (AltaLact). Organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological parameters were determined in the finished cheese samples. So, the cheese taste was creamy when using the domestic starter culture MN (AltaLact) and setting the cheese grain after cutting the clot. The mushroom had no bitterness on the aftertaste and no "ammonia" taste. Using a stabilised technology, we increased the concentration of dry substances due to the production of cheese grains, which allowed us to slow down the proteolytic activity of microorganisms. Thus, the fat content in the dry matter was 59%, which is more by 2% than with traditional moulding and by 3-1% relative to the starter Danisko MM101, depending on the processing of the clot and the moulding method. The stabilised technology will increase the nutritional value by increasing the protein content in cheese; in our study, the protein content increased by 0.4 – 0.9%. Thus, the research results substantiate the practicality of making adjustments to the production technology of camembert cheese.

The country's food security is an important and, at the same time, difficult task for Russian agriculture in the context of the import substitution policy. Ensuring the safety and quality of raw materials and food products is a necessary condition that determines the health of the population and the preservation of its gene pool. The most crucial measure in solving the problem of the quality of livestock products is a scientifically based veterinary and sanitary assessment of meat and other livestock products. Therefore, control of the quality and safety of meat and its processed products is a relevant topic for study. The article analyses the procedure for the work of the regional veterinary service on the issues of monitoring the safety of meat and meat products and the data of the annual reports of the 5-vet test centre of the “Regional State Budgetary Institution (RSBI) "Altai Regional Veterinary Center for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Animal Diseases"' for 2020 - 2021. It has been established that the system of veterinary and sanitary control of the safety and quality of meat and meat products in the Altai Territory is carried out by the developed scheme and consists of tests of selected samples in testing laboratories accredited for these indicators. For the period 2021 – 2022 in the Altai Territory, no specimens with deviations from the regulatory documents TR CU 021/2011 Technical Regulations of the Customs Union “On the Safety of Food Products”, TR CU 034/2013 Technical Regulations of the Customs Union “On the Safety of Meat and Meat Products” were found in the tested samples. Tests are carried out quarterly for physical, chemical, and microbiological indicators of pesticides and annually for heavy metal salts, radionuclides, the presence of antibiotics, nitrites and hormones. The analysis results allow us to conclude the timely identification of meat and meat products of questionable quality.

The role of quality control in providing consumers with high-quality food is shown. The objects of the study were encoded samples of sausage products. In total, 76 samples of boiled and boiled-smoked sausages presented on the consumer market of Kuzbass were analyzed. Quality monitoring was carried out in the period from 2019 to 2022. When conducting research, we used generally accepted methods for testing sausages in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory documents. Gravimetric, extraction, titrimetric, capillary electrophoresis, spectrophotometric, organoleptic test methods were used. A non-compliance with the requirements of TR CU 022/2011 was found in 4.3% of the samples in terms of the availability of the marking for reading. A discrepancy in terms of the mass fraction of moisture was revealed in 1% of sausages, in 3.5% an overestimated content of sodium chloride by 0.1-0.3%, in one sample a starch content of up to 2.0% was detected. In addition to the normalized indicators, the iron content, the residual activity of acid phosphatase, the mass fraction of glutamic acid and its salts (E620-E625) were determined. its salts is within acceptable limits. The content of iron in the analyzed samples is from 7 to 13 mg/kg of the product.The results obtained can be used in the preparation of a daily diet, taking into account the permissible norms for the consumption of sausages.

The aim of this study was a comprehensive assessment of the dynamics and compliance of the Hereford cattle herd with high standards applied to breeding herds. The primary objective was to evaluate the herd based on livestock scoring, considering key selection and genetic parameters, to analyze the current status and prospective trends, encompassing production activity, and the efficacy of maintaining and restoring the herd size in conditions of limited access to breeding resources. A comprehensive evaluation of the Hereford cattle herd based on primary selection parameters over the period from 2020 to 2022 was conducted. The research took place in the context of year-round pasture management in the southern region of Western Siberia within a large breeding enterprise. Throughout the assessed period, the study revealed that the characteristics of the meat cattle remained consistently high. This reflects a gradual and consistent improvement in productive indicators without sharp declines or significant fluctuations, demonstrating a systematic and methodical approach to breeding practices. Presently, the herd demonstrates a relatively consolidated state. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the herd has maintained its productivity at the current level in accordance with the high standards expected of breeding establishments.

The technological solution of a modular family farm for producing high-quality and environmentally friendly beef is presented. The development aims to make beef using bulls-producers of meat and graded dairy cows. The family farm project was developed considering the generalisation of the best practices of organising peasant farms and scientific research of SIBNIPTIZH. It assumes a comprehensive solution for a family farm, including, in addition to industrial housing facilities with outbuildings and a personal plot, the introduction of the most acceptable methods for keeping animals, type of feeding, design parameters of industrial buildings and elements of technology equipment, small-sized machinery, as well as the organisation of labour and production. The technological solution is to grow and fatten young animals using the low-cost technology of beef cattle breeding "cow-calf" from culled dairy cows suitable for reproduction. The optimal scheme of placement and movement of technological groups of cows and repair young animals has been determined. Variants of space-planning solutions for building a modular family farm for 26 cows have been developed. Cows, repair heifers and calves are kept in a lightweight cowshed. Cows are kept on a leash. Calves are kept loose. Young animals, after weaning from cows, are transferred to another room. From the age of 6 months, heifers and bulls are kept separately. Young animals in winter are in a lightweight room with a deep litter. Bulls older than 12 months are not grazed. They are intensively reared and fattened up to 17 months when they reach a live weight of 439 kg.

During import substitution, feed additives are increasingly being used, including the most effective strains of spore-forming aerobic bacteria families of the genus Bacillus subtilis, capable of revealing the genetic potential of animals. No oedema and erythema were detected when determining the local tolerance of the Endoforce Phyto feed additive on the rabbit skin. The values of physiological parameters remained normal. Conjunctival instillation of the investigational product also did not lead to deterioration in the functions of the eye unit mucous membranes and the body's functional state. A single feeding of the Endoforce Phyto feed additive at a dose many times higher than the recommended one did not lead to the death of laboratory animals or changes in behavioural reactions and physiological state, which confirmed the absence of its acute toxicity. After 90 days of determining chronic toxicity in rodents of all experimental groups, an increase in the number of erythrocytes and haemoglobin was noted: in control – by 7.2 and 8.0%, in the 1st experimental group – by 10.8 and 13.9%, in the 2nd experimental one – by 13.3 and 11.1%, in the 3rd experimental one – by 12.7 and 20.7%, respectively, compared to the baseline values. This confirmed the best body oxygenation in the rats of the experimental groups. Within the follow-up period, an increase in the total protein content in the animals of the experimental groups from 57.03 g/l to 67.30-69.82 g/l and in individuals of the control one from 68.90 to 71.33 g/l compared to the primary screening data was registered. In contrast, the activity of such enzymes as alkaline phosphatase decreased in the control by 3.3 times, and in the experimental groups – only by 1.7-1.8 times. Comparable values of biochemical parameters in rats of the experimental and control groups confirm the absence of a negative impact of the studied feed additive on the parameters of protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In the results of the rat autopsy, no pathological changes in colour, consistency and size of internal organs were registered.

Complete feeding is one of the decisive factors for achieving high animal productivity. Therefore, an essential task of modern pig breeding is to reduce costs by increasing the digestibility of digested feed nutrients by the animal's body. One of the significant ways necessary to solve the problem can be the additional inclusion of biologically active substances in the compound feed for farm animals, namely, modern enzyme preparations of a new generation. The animal organism needs them to increase the digestibility of nutrients supplied with food. Our study aims to study the effect of the Feedbest P5000 GT enzyme preparation as part of compound feed on the growth, development and feed costs of fattening young pigs. A scientific and economic experiment was conducted on young pigs of a large white breed aged 60 to 210 days to achieve this goal. For the investigation, four groups of young pigs, 12 heads each, were formed according to the principle of analogue groups, taking into account breed, sex, age, and live weight. They were keeping the animal group. The authors weighed every 30 days and took measurements of the animals. In addition, they considered the consumption of feed and leftovers for the next day to determine the effect of Feedbest P5000 GT on the growth and development of fattening young pigs. The use of the Feedbest P5000 GT enzyme preparation in compound feeds made it possible to increase the average daily gain in live weight of young pigs of the experimental groups by 4.8, 9.3 and 6.8% and reduce feed costs by 4.7, 8.6 and 6.5% compared to with the young of the control group. The best indicators were found in the animals of the 2nd experimental group, where the studied enzyme preparation was additionally introduced into the feed composition in the amount of 90 g/t.

With the increase in the tourist flow in the Altai Mountains, the demand for lamb has increased, so methods are needed to improve the meat productivity of lambs. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of early mating of rams of the Prikatunsky meat-wool type on the productivity of their offspring under conditions of year-round grazing in the Altai Republic. According to the results of the productivity of the offspring, the breeding value of the producing sheep was determined. Experimental groups of queens and offspring were kept in the same flock, providing them with equal maintenance and feeding conditions — a method of maintaining queens and lambs year-round pasture maintenance followed by culling lambs at four months of age. According to the experiment results, the sheep of the second group are characterised by the best milk productivity with a high reliability of the difference. As a result, it was found that the age of the producer rams at the time of the first mating does not hurt the productivity of their offspring. In addition, it was found in the experiment that the descendants obtained from a younger ram differ in the best productivity indicators. Thus, by using sheep producers at an early age, it is possible to determine their breeding value one year earlier, which will significantly reduce the cost of their maintenance and, as a result, increase the profitability of the industry in private hands in peasant farms, personal subsidiary farms of citizens and individual enterprises.

New experimental antiviral preparations are developed based on a molecular structure consisting of single-stranded and double-stranded RNAs from different sources and an outer envelope based on dextran with specific isotropic agents. An affection of developed molecular structure preparations on physiological indicators variety in laboratory animals to obtain data on the tolerance of compositions was investigated. It has been shown that administering higher doses of experimental preparations to animals doesn`t cause or lead to short-term and minor deviations in their condition. An application of the method of specific interferon-inducing activity determining in the study of antiviral and other interferon inducers characteristics may be used for estimation of criteria like the minimal effective interferon-inducing dose (MEID) and the modified chemotherapeutical index (mCTI), required for a complete characterisation of drugs.

Using large white, Kemerovo, Duroc, Landrace, and Pietrain pigs, an analysis was carried out of the relationship between the level of fatty acids in the intramuscular fat of pigs and the polymorphism of blood groups by conducting an experiment and reviewing studies by scientists from different countries. The concentration of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids were studied. A difference in the frequency of blood genotypes in animals with different levels of fatty acids was revealed. Thus, a significant difference was noted in the EA B system between the genotypes EA Ba/a and EA Ba/b in the content of arachidic C20:0 and heptadecenoic C17:1 fatty acid. In the EA D system, a similar difference was found between genotypes EA Da/b and EA Db/b in arachidic C20:0 and eicosandienoic C20:2 fatty acids. In the EA E system, an increased concentration of eicosadienoic C20:2 fatty acid was noted in pigs with the EA genotype E edg/edf, stearic C18:0, arachidic C20:0, palmitoleic C16:1, linoleic C18:2 – in pigs with the EA genotype Eaeg/edg. The EA G system contained significantly less arachidic C20:0 and eicosadienoic C20:2 fatty acids in individuals with the EA Ga/a genotype. A comparison of correlation coefficients allows us to state a high degree of positive correlation between margaric and heptadecenoic acids (r=+0.79), and a high degree of negative correlation was found between oleic and linoleic fatty acids (r= -0.94). The strength of the influence of blood group genotypes on the variability of several fatty acids ranges from 0.2 to 0.6. It is comparable to the effect of the breed factor on the variability of the assessed traits. These data can be used in breeding as candidates for genetic markers for selecting and selecting animals to improve the herd.

The formation of a unique anomaly of the structure of the distal extremities – polydactyly in mini-pigs of the selection of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICiG) SB RAS was studied. The genealogy of two looked animals with polydactyly (six–toed on the fore and hind limbs) - a black boar and a white pig, demonstrated the hereditary nature of the manifestation of this anomaly, differing depending on the method of breeding in several generations, is analysed. Anatomisation of distal fragments of the limbs of these two pigs culled at the age of 15-16 months showed the formation of differentiation of trophic structures of blood supply to the accessory fingers and tendon-ligamentous apparatus, including ligaments of the finger-lift muscle. The prepared samples were processed for histological staining and microscopy, which showed the interior features of the formation of connective and bone tissues of the phalanges of additional fingers on the fore and hind limbs, characteristic of each studied animal. The results are discussed in connection with topical issues of veterinary pathogenetics of farm animals and the context of the interest of classical and modern biology in polydactyly.

The modern selection of Holstein cattle is aimed at increasing milk production. However, using sires that are carriers of genetic anomalies contributes to more unwanted recessive alleles in cattle populations, leading to significant economic losses. Both phenotypic and genetic factors influence the performance of herd reproduction. The presence in animal populations of recessive alleles that determine genetic diseases increases the likelihood of the appearance of lethal homozygous genotypes in offspring. Such destructive genetic disorders are called LoF mutations that lead to the malfunction of the genes. The increase in the frequency of occurrence of LoF mutations in the population dictates the need to control their spread. This paper assessed the frequency of carriers of genetically determined diseases in the Ural cattle population. Data were obtained for three recessive disorders: BY - 1.16%, CVM - 1.8, BLAD - 3.79%. According to the literature review, the received data are close in value to the average compared with the results of other studies. This can be explained by the fact that the descendants of outstanding sires bred in the United States are used for breeding in the Urals. Thus, screening of sires and individuals included in pedigree stock, with the further selection of parental pairs, considering the results obtained, is a preferable conservative strategy to prevent the spread of recessive mutations.

In the course of the study, in July 2022, a section of the Kyunga River within the boundaries of the Kyonginsky key area of the Vasyugansky State Nature Reserve was studied. In the course of observations, the number of each species and the structure of the community of the Kyunga River with its tributaries were determined. Six zooplankton species were found in the Kenga River as part of zooplankton: Bosmina longispina (Leydig, 1860), Chydorus sphaericus (Leach, 1816), Cereodaphnia reticulate (Jurine, 1820), Daphnia longispina (O.F. Müller, 1776), Polyphemus pediculus (Linnaeus, 1761) – oar-footed crustaceans: Cyclops sp. The number of zooplankton organisms at all points varies widely from 30 to 860 thousand units/ m3. The dominant occurrence was representatives of the genus Cladocera up to 78.2%, subdominated by the specific occurrence of representatives of Copepoda up to 21.8%. By the number of species, there were Cladocera – 5, Copepoda – 1 species, and Rotatoria were absent, which is likely explained by the river flow, which is fast enough for them. The number of zooplankton organisms at all points varies widely from 30 to 860 thousand units/m3. Representatives of the genus Cladocera were dominant in occurrences up to 78.2%, and representatives of Copepoda were subdominated in specific occurrences up to 21.8%. The value of the Shannon species diversity index as a whole along the Kanga River with tributaries and the Emelich River was 1.46. Such a value of the species diversity index indicates moderate water pollution by organic substances. According to the totality of the data obtained, the Kenga River, with its tributaries, belongs to eutrophic watercourses.

Studies on the rearing of sterlet from wild and grown producers were carried out in the production conditions of the fish-breeding enterprise TOSP "Beloyarsk Fish-breeding Plant" of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Glavrybvod" (Krasnoyarsk) in 2020 and 2022. With a complete transition to external nutrition, the sterlet larva was placed in pools with a planting density of 6 thousand copies / m². Water consumption was 20-23 l/min. As the larvae grew, they were planted, and at the time of reaching an average weight of 1 g, the planting density was 2 thousand copies / m². With an increase in water consumption to 25-30 l/min. The average daily water temperature during the growing period ranged from 12.5-17.0 °C. The content of oxygen dissolved in water was in the range of 9.1-11.0 mg/l. Different approaches to methods of growing larvae have been studied. To compare and evaluate our results, we used instructions and standards developed by the Glavrybvod of Russia and used for island farms. In 2020, up to 10 days, the larva was grown only using artemia nauplia. Then, the starting compound feed was gradually introduced. The feed was diluted in water and distributed at the beginning simultaneously with artemia, then alternating feedings. Coma was broadcast at 30-minute intervals up to 20 days of growing and at the end of the growing period after 1 hour. For 20 days, they have completely switched to compound feeds. As a result of the study, it was revealed that it is more rational to introduce starter feeds in the form of dust from the moment the sterlet larvae start feeding. This technique made it possible to reduce the time of growing juveniles to a standard weight of 1 g for five days, with approximately equal preservation of juveniles.

The article examines the heterogeneity of the soil cover of production fields and working areas as one of the most important indicators of productivity and technological properties of land. It is noted that traditional indicators of the quality of land plots do not meet modern requirements for assessing the level of soil fertility and technological properties of the land plot, among which the diversity of the soil cover of the land plot is of great importance. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the applicability of morphometric indicators of soil cover structure, in particular, the soil cover contrast coefficient, to improve the qualitative assessment system, including when conducting an inventory of agricultural land. The study used methods of comparative geographical analysis of the structure of soil cover in key areas - land uses within the Priobsky plateau in the southern part of Western Siberia. We used stock, statistical, and cartographic materials of the IV round of soil survey of lands on the territory of the Kremlevskoye agricultural holding in the Novosibirsk region at a scale of 1:25000, digitized in the MapInfo Professional environment. To calculate the morphometric characteristics of the soil cover and, in particular, the contrast coefficient, the statistical-cartometric method was used. The dependence of the yield of grain crops on a specific land plot on the degree of contrast of soil cover for different agro-ecological groups of lands is shown.

In conclusion, the article proposes to expand the list of characteristics used to assess the quality of agricultural lands when conducting their inventory in the system of land management measures.

The demand for crop products is relatively constant in the short term, and in the long term, it increases relatively evenly. Consequently, the supply of products must be steadily steady or steadily increasing. Changes in hydrothermal conditions for cultivating crops lead to fluctuations in yield. The study was carried out based on statistical data from 2012 – 2021. The article examines the main trends in the development of pea (Pisum sativum L.) production in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Kemerovo region. The sown areas of peas and the crop yield are determined, and the characteristics of the gross grain harvest in the study zones are given. The trend line analysis showed an annual increase in the sown area; its value increased significantly from 2017 to 2021 in both the steppe and forest steppe. During the same period, a tendency was established towards a significant increase in pea yields due to improved farming standards. According to our data, the trend in the yield series is not the same. The coefficients of variation in the steppe zone are 38.51% and, in the forest-steppe zone - 34.73%, indicating a higher agrotechnical level in the forest-steppe zone than in the steppe zone. High coefficients in the studied areas are observed due to solid deviations in yield in individual years. In the steppe zone, the yield ranged from 6.9 to 23.9; in the forest-steppe, it went from 7.3 c/ha to 21.7. It was revealed that the size of the pea harvest strongly depends on weather conditions. The most productive years are 2020 and 2021. The trend equations for the steppe and forest-steppe describe the tendency towards an increase in the gross grain harvest. The conclusion is formulated that to solve the main problems in pea production, which depend on the farming culture and fluctuations in cultivation conditions, it is necessary to look for ways to increase the sustainability of the production of this crop.

Development of an algorithm for digitalisation of crop rotation as a basis for ensuring sustainable development of crop production. The algorithm presented in the article aims to rethink the options for obtaining data for compiling crop rotation. The use of crop rotations, as an essential tool for a crop-growing enterprise, can directly stimulate an increase in fertility by at least 10-12% with the correct selection of crops and also become one of the sources of weakening the development of land degradation, which only in the share of agricultural lands in the Novosibirsk region occupies no less than 12%. In some regions, this figure is growing and, in some cases, exceeds 40%, resulting from natural and not insignificant anthropogenic factors. The integration of an automatic planning tool is one of the steps for the development of crop production. Large agro-industrial complexes have long been puzzled by the idea of optimizing production and are increasingly resorting to precision farming technologies, conducting seasonal monitoring in the fields and carefully controlling all economic activities, which in turn accumulates a large array of data, which is often almost not analyzed. The study of this data can actually adjust the planned crops for subsequent seasons and be a kind of recommendation to the farm for corrections or confirmation of the correctness of the decisions made. In turn, the accuracy of the algorithm directly depends on the input data and the amount of it provided by crop farms. One of the driving forces behind the development of the proposed algorithm is the gradual decline in the proportion of professional agronomists, which requires the creation of a tool to verify the data obtained by less experienced or novice agronomists.

The possibility and the prospects of using various water-soluble fertilisers for growing healthy planting material of potato variety Dochka under aeroponics conditions have been studied. Two variants of water-soluble fertilisers were used as objects of study: 1) Nutriflex-T complex fertiliser at a concentration of 2 g/l with the addition of calcium nitrate 4-aqueous at a concentration of 0.35 g/l; 2) author's water-soluble fertiliser Martirosyan Yu.Ts. At a concentration of 1 g/l. In the experiments, healthy potato microplants of the Dochka variety were used. The experiments were carried out on aeroponic systems "Urozhay-9000". Sodium sodium-vapour lamps DNAT 400 were used as a light source. After 30 days of cultivation on a water-soluble fertiliser, the height of potato plants and the length of the root system in the studied variants did not differ in the version using the author's environment, Martirosyan Yu.Ts. Compared with the variant with the use of the Nutriflex-T complex fertiliser, a statistically significant increase in the following indicators was observed: the average number of mini tubers obtained from one plant (17.38±0.29 pcs. pieces/bush compared to 14.44±0.35 pieces/bush), the average weight of one mini tuber (8.17±0.29 g compared to 5.47±0.26 g), the proportion of mini tubers weighing over 4 g (67.63% compared to 46.10%), biomass of the root system at the end of cultivation (33.31±0.45 g compared to 30.31±0.35 g). At the same time, the biomass of the vegetative part of potato plants at the end of cultivation on the Nutriflex-T fertiliser was higher than the biomass of the vegetative part of plants grown on the nutrient medium of Martirosyan Yu.Ts. (284.06±4.77 g compared to 151.25±2.45 g). It is shown that the cultivation of potato plants of the Dochka variety on the author's water-soluble fertiliser Martirosyan Yu.Ts. It is economically viable.

In production experiments in the period 2014-2017, carried out in the production nursery of the agricultural artel "Gardens of Siberia" (Novosibirsk region), the introduction of strains of saprotrophic bacteria of the genus Bacillus into the soil had an adaptive effect on plants, increased the survival rate of rosettes of wild strawberries during wintering by 14.9-21.8% relative to control. A practical growth-stimulating effect on rosettes has been proven in the B. subtilis strain VKPM V-10641 and the experimental biological product Fitop 8.67: 24-29% more young leaves than in control; the length of the root system of plants significantly increased by 9.4-13.5%; total plant biomass – by 42.5%. The effect of improving the commercial quality of seedlings grown from picked rosettes under the influence of the B. subtilis strain VKPM V-10641 and the biological preparation Fitop 8.67 has been proven to be 35.2 and 28.2% higher than the control, which significantly exceeded the effect of the reference humic preparation Phoenix, 0.05 %. Under the influence of treatment with the B. licheniformis strain VKPM B-10562, the number of standard seedlings reached 63.7%, or 21.1% higher than the control, at the same level as the standard. The use of saprotrophic bacterial strains was at the same efficiency level as for the B. licheniformis strain VKPM V-10562 or at a higher level of efficiency for the B. subtilis strain VKPM V-10641 and the drug Fitop 8.67, in comparison with the humic standard Phoenix, 0.05 %, which indicates the prospects of their use in the technology of growing seedlings from pickled strawberry rosettes.

The value of grain exports is determined by the size of the surplus arising in the regions, which is formed, in turn, as an excess of domestic production over domestic consumption (including export to other regions). However, under state regulation of the grain market, the surplus is not the only factor in grain exports. The authors have formed three- and eight-factor models that determine the value of regional grain exports not only directly from the value of the regional surplus but also the coverage of the provincial surplus by the tariff quota, the degree of actual development of the tariff quota (three-factor model), compliance with food security requirements, the availability of stocks with storage units, the degree of surplus, satisfaction of needs with actual stocks, as well as compliance with the annual according to the available storage capacities (eight-factor model). Based on the indicators of potential and actual regional grain exports, it is proposed to calculate the value of the reserve of regional grain exports.

The article evaluates the investment attractiveness of agriculture in the Russian Federation in terms of profitability of sales, assets and equity. A factor analysis of profitability indicators is performed: in the dynamics of profitability of sales, the factors of revenue, cost, commercial and management expenses are highlighted; the return on assets is presented as a model dependent on the return on sales (profit before tax) and the asset turnover ratio; factors determining the change in return on equity include (net) return on sales, asset turnover ratio and capital multiplier. It is established that the direct operational, production and economic activities of agricultural organisations of the Russian Federation are characterised by high profitability (sales) but are associated with significant capital intensity, which creates "pressure" on the values of return on assets, and excessive crediting (financial dependence), which reduces the possibility of further increasing financial profitability (return on equity).