A method has been developed for the detection and semi-quantitative assessment of tilapia content in fish products using polymerase chain reaction in real time in order to identify facts of substitution of more valuable and expensive fish species with tilapia. The method is based on the use of multiplex PCR to identify a fragment of the rhodopsin gene specific to tilapia genera Oreochromis, Sarotherodon and Coptodon with simultaneous amplification of internal endogenous control. A comparison of methods for DNA extraction from several types of fish products was carried out. It has been shown that precipitation and sorption extraction methods can be used to isolate DNA, and the express method can be used to isolate DNA from samples of single-component products (minced meat and fillet) in order to reduce the time spent on studying these samples. Examining a control panel of DNA samples from various fish species, the method showed 100 % specificity. The absolute sensitivity limit of the method for identifying tilapia genetic material was 200 copies/reaction. The detection limit of the method was 0.05 wt%. The method was approved by testing 83 samples of single-component and 28 samples of multi-component fish products selected from various retail outlets in Moscow and the Moscow region. Two samples contained tilapia DNA that was not declared in the product. The proportion of tilapia DNA detected was in the range of 0.1 % - 1 %, that may indicate accidental contamination during production. The existing requirements for the labeling of fish products are discussed in connection with the admissibility of such impurities. The proposed methodology can be used to monitor the correct labeling of fish.

The paper presents the main results of patent research on methods of preparation of arabinogalactan and dihydroquercetin used in the world practice. The interest to this problem is connected with unique biological properties of these biologically active additives. A patent search with the depth of 25 years was carried out. The leading position of inventors from the Russian Federation, who own 77% of patents, was established. The research peaks are given and information about the leading patent holders is given. 3 main directions of Siberian larch processing are established: AG extraction, DKV and complex methods of processing. It is revealed that the inventors of the Russian Federation give preference to obtaining AG by precipitation of the target product in an organic solvent. To a lesser extent, the filtration method with separation of the target product by spray drying is used. Methods of obtaining AGW are presented in two patents. Complex methods of wood processing make it possible to obtain along with bioflavonoids (BFV) and oligosaccharides (including AG) and technical products: wood resins, oils, etc., as well as biosolids and oligosaccharides (including AG). Of great interest are patented sulfated derivatives of AG, which have anticoagulant and hypolipidemic activity and can become an alternative to heparin. Foreign authors (mainly from China) patent compositions of AG with biologically active components, which makes it possible to obtain products with therapeutic and prophylactic effect. In some inventions of authors from the PRC, sulfated AG is also patented. Some inventors from the USA patent methods in which purified AG and its modifications act as carriers for delivery of therapeutic agent to cell receptors, which corresponds to the principle of targeted drug delivery, which has recently become dominant.

Vegetable cheeses are currently gaining popularity, which raises the question of expanding the range of alternative vegetable products that do not contain milk and (or) animal protein. The physical and chemical parameters of soybean varieties (Delta, Vesta, Lyra, Fora and Vilana) grown in the southwestern regions of the country were analyzed with the purpose of their subsequent application in the food industry. Based on actual performance, a new technology for the production of vegetable tofu cheese aimed at obtaining a product with improved organoleptic and physicochemical properties was considered and presented. An innovative processing method based on the application of acoustic ultrasonic waves to inactivate inhibitors of trypsin and urease enzymes was used. As a result of the experiment, the technology of tofu soy cheese using ultrasonic unit was developed. The organoleptic analysis of the obtained finished products according to the results of which the Lira variety was excluded from the technological process, because the cheese produced from it has a pronounced grassy taste and bean odor. It was found that treatment of soybean seeds with ultrasound at a frequency of 35 kHz for 30 minutes at an ultrasound intensity of 1 W/cm2 reduces the activity of trypsin and urease inhibitor by 93%. Delta, Vesta, Fora and Vilana varieties were found to contain about 40% protein and 20% fat and were suitable for tofu cheese production.

We studied the features of the macro- and microelement composition of dog fur depending on different types of feeding and the use of dry industrial food with different protein sources. The studies were carried out on three groups of 2–5 year old dogs. The animals were kept in apartment conditions in Novosibirsk with double active exercise. The 1st group included 14, and the 2nd and 3rd groups – 16 dogs each. The first group received dry food with fish, the 2nd group - dry food with chicken, and the third - beef meat with offal, cereals, vegetables, cottage cheese and vegetable oils. The bioelemental composition of wool was studied on an Elan 9000 quadrupole mass spectrometer and an Optima 2000DV atomic emission spectrometer using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The most significant changes in the elemental status of fur were found in dogs fed dry food with fish. In this group of animals, the levels of mercury and phosphorus exceeded the reference values, and the quantitative values of cobalt, chromium, iron, iodine and manganese, on the contrary, were below the normal limit. The content of bioelements in the fur of dogs fed dry food with chicken or “natural” food in their diet was within the reference values. Distinctive features of dogs with a “natural” type of feeding were lower values of As, Ca, Hg, K and P in the wool compared to animals receiving dry food. The highest values of Al, B, Co, Fe, I, Li, Mn and lower concentrations of Na, Si and Sn were recorded in the fur of dogs eating dry food with chicken.

The Republic of Buryatia occupies 5.0% of the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District. The population of the republic is 984.5 thousand people, which is 0.7% of the population of Russia and 12.0% of the population of the Far Eastern Federal District. Buryatia is a traditionally livestock republic. Thus, in 1926, the number of farm animals in the republic was 2.082 million heads, in 1928 - 3.067 million heads, of which the share of small cattle was 43.3 and 48.3%, cattle - 38.8 and 35.3%, respectively. In 2021, 100 organizations were engaged in agricultural activities in Buryatia, 706 peasant farms and 82,731 personal household plots operated. Among the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District, Buryatia accounts for: peasant farms - 11.4%, private subsidiary farms - 11.7%, arable land - 5.6%, hayfields - 7.0%, pastures - 10.2%. Currently, the total number of farm animals is 856 thousand heads, of which the share of cattle is 40%, sheep and goats - 35%, pigs - 19%, horses - 6%. Livestock farming in the republic is developing at a slow pace, and the herd structure has remained virtually unchanged for several years. The reduction in livestock observed in 2018-2020 was stopped, the situation was stabilized and by now high-quality herd growth has been ensured, based on the development of breeding livestock. Breeding livestock is one of the priority areas, the number of breeding animals has currently grown to 43.2 thousand heads, which is 6.2% of the total livestock. Breeding animals of 10 breeds are bred in 6 breeding plants and 17 reproducers, including cattle of five breeds, sheep of two breeds, horses of two breeds and yaks of one breed. The main factors of intensification of livestock development are: creation of a solid forage base; use of intensive farming technologies that reduce labor intensity, capital intensity, energy intensity of the industry; reduction of prices for energy carriers, causing increase in profitability and reduction of cost price of livestock products.

When studying the peculiarities of the behavior of yaks of the Altai population on seasonal pastures of the high-mountainous region of the Altai Republic, constant observations of yak behavior by seasons of the year were made, and the daily activity of the herd was timed. Studies were conducted on the basis of yak breeding farms of Kosh-Agachsky district. The behavior of yaks on pastures was recorded according to the time of eating vegetation, time of movement, resting and drinking according to the method of V. Velikzhanin (1975). The obtained data indicate that in all seasons of the year, Altai yaks use the available pastures quite effectively. Thus, in winter, at air temperatures from -15 to -20°C, yaks graze for 12-14 hours (50-58% of the daily cycle). Rest periods during the daytime are short, 2-3 hours, and at night yaks rest for a longer period of time, 8-9 hours (33-37 % of the daily cycle). In the spring period, animals graze for 11-12 hours (45-50 % of the daily cycle), resting for 10 hours, watering for 0.3 hours. In the summer grazing period, on days with high temperatures, yaks graze mainly in the morning and evening hours. On hot days, yaks prefer to rest during the day and graze most of the time at night, resting for only 2-3 hours (grazing takes place from early morning to 12-13 h). On autumn pastures yaks graze mainly in the daytime - 10-11 hours (42-46 % of the daily cycle), resting for an average of 3.5 hours (14.5 % of the daily cycle). At night, grazing takes only 3-4 hours. Thus, the time spent directly on grazing averages 58.3 in spring, 60.4 in summer, 58.3 in autumn and 54.0 % of the total time spent on pastures in winter.

The article analyzes the content and the modern legal basis of the legislation on foodstuff security of the Russian Federation, the criteria characterizing it, the types of foodstuff products and the proportion of self-sufficiency with them, guaranteeing the foodstuff security of the country. On the basis of statistical data, the impact on foodstuff security of the technical equipment of the agro-industrial complex of Russia with a fleet of combine harvesters, its sufficiency to solve foodstuff security problems in modern conditions is studied. The presence of a large proportion of foreign-made combine harvesters in the fleet of combines of the Russian agro-industrial complex, and among them an increasing share of imports of used combines was noted. The specifics of recent years is the increase in the share of Chinese combines in imports, the prices of which are significantly lower than the prices of domestic combines. In light of the above, in order to maintain the parity of competitiveness of domestic combines in the domestic market of the country, customs regulation measures have been proposed that reduce the competitive advantages of Chinese combines.

The article provides data on the content of some chemical elements (Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) in edible mushrooms growing in the Transbaikal Territory. To determine microelements in the studied objects, the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis was used. The maximum accumulation of zinc, iron, manganese and the minimum accumulation of cobalt and lead were found in all studied species of mushrooms. In general, the average content of chemical elements in the studied types of mushrooms is – iron > zinc > copper > manganese > titanium > nickel ≈ cobalt > lead. Zinc accumulation occurred most intensively in the fruiting bodies of Suillus luteus, Lactarius deliciosus, Boletus edulis and Leccinum aurantiacum. Exceeding the maximum permissible concentration for nickel, copper, zinc and lead (in terms of wet weight) was not detected. Based on the total content of chemical elements, the following series can be constructed: Suillus variegatus > Lactarius trivialis > Lactarius deliciosus ≈ Suillus luteus > Boletus edulis > Leccinum aurantiacum. Suillus variegatus accumulates most of the studied elements in maximum quantities. It was revealed that Lactarius trivialis, Lactarius trivialis, Boletus edulis and Leccinum aurantiacum concentrate metals mainly in the caps. The content of the studied elements in mushrooms of the Transbaikal Territory is lower compared to their accumulation in mushrooms of other territories of Russia. All types of mushrooms accumulate zinc in high concentrations. For zinc and copper, the concentration coefficient turned out to be greater than unity, which indicates intensive accumulation of elements in the fruiting bodies of fungi. Leccinum aurantiacum is characterized by the lowest ability to accumulate chemical elements, which may be due to the developed barrier mechanisms of the species. This species has a high affinity for copper

In recent decades, there has been an increasing interest in exotic animals, not only by scientists and industrialists, but also by people wishing to have a pet. However, many of them do not know that keeping spiders, amphibians and reptiles in captivity is not an easy task due to the strict requirements for the conditions of keeping such animals, in particular, the temperature and humidity regime and illumination. Non-compliance with the necessary parameters can lead to delayed molt, various diseases and even death. To create favorable conditions that meet the physiological needs of exotic animals, it is necessary to use special equipment. In this connection the existing equipment is analyzed and recommendations are given on its use and creation of required parameters of microclimate for keeping the most common exotic pets, some metabolic disorders and diseases arising from violation of conditions of their keeping are described. In accordance with the Federal Law “On Responsible Treatment of Animals and Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”, treatment of animals should be based on the following moral principles and principles of humanity: 1) treatment of animals as creatures capable of experiencing emotions and physical suffering; 2) human responsibility for the fate of the animal; 3) education of the public in a moral and humane attitude towards animals; 4) scientifically grounded combination of moral, economic and social interests of an individual, society and the state.

A complex, constantly changing political and economic situation requires a search for areas of effective work of companies and the competitiveness of their products in the markets. The assessment and analysis of the efficiency of the enterprise was carried out, the directions for its improvement and development of competitiveness were determined. The basis for the research was the final indicators of the functioning of JSC “Vitebsk Plant of Tractor Spare Parts” in 2019 - 2021. It has been established that the provision of technical services increases the competitiveness of the plant in the markets of spare parts for agricultural and forestry tractors. To increase the competitiveness of manufactured products, the plant increases their range and improves quality. To date, the VZTZ product range includes about 300 varieties of tractor parts and assemblies. Assimilating investments, the latest modern world technologies are being introduced here to meet international quality standards. In the production of products, the company introduced a modern coordinate measuring machine Contura, which allows for high-precision measurements and a modern method of quality control, reducing the risks of supplying low-quality products and returning them. In order to increase the growth of exports of their products, specialists are working to consolidate and expand the existing markets for agricultural machinery and are actively looking for new markets. Currently, exports are carried out to 19 countries of the world, including the countries of the African continent. At the same time, most of the export products are sold to Russia. Further export growth will be achieved by the development of new markets and the development of new logistics channels to the countries of the far arc.

The article presents the development of a comprehensive approach to the formation of the region’s competitiveness through the improvement of personnel policy. The role of human resources in the development of the agro-industrial complex is considered, the existing labor potential is analyzed, the features and patterns of its development in the conditions of the Far North are identified. Practical recommendations are offered for improving the personnel policy in order to create a favorable environment for attracting and retaining young people in the region. A model is proposed based on ensuring decent wages, housing and increased vacation time. The differentiated principle of payment of funds to young specialists under the age of 25 seems to be very relevant and important in the context of supporting human resources, especially in remote and sparsely populated regions. The main idea of this methodology is to use an integrated approach to the formation of a motivation system for young specialists, which includes several key aspects. Differentiated amount of payments - the introduction of different rates depending on the level of qualification of a specialist. This will not only increase the attractiveness of different professions, but also create incentives for further education and advanced training. Geographical factor – the use of a correction factor for lifting and monthly allowances will make the payment system fairer and more adaptive to working conditions in different regions, especially in those where life and work are associated with great difficulties. A factor of 1.6 will help attract and retain specialists in hard-to-reach areas, including in the Far North. Stimulating professional growth – emphasizing the importance of education and qualifications as key factors in increasing the value of an employee will serve as an incentive for development and advancement in the profession. This approach is aimed not only at attracting young specialists, but also at retaining them in the region, which, in turn, will contribute to the sustainable development of the regional economy and an increase in the general standard of living of the population. These measures will help increase the number of qualified personnel, affect the overall socio-economic situation in the region, and create preconditions for improving infrastructure and quality of life.