Juices play an important role in the diet of modern individuals. They provide the body with essential vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial substances. As a result, juice manufacturers are under increased scrutiny from consumers. This review examines modern methods of management and quality control at various stages of production. Special attention is given to innovative processing methods, such as cold pasteurization and the use of biopolymers for packaging, which help extend the shelf life of juices and improve their quality. Modern approaches to production range from optimizing traditional technologies. These technologies include pasteurization and aseptic packaging. However, alongside these, innovative solutions are being actively implemented. For example, high-pressure processing and the use of pulsed electric fields are becoming increasingly popular. The review of contemporary methods for managing technological processes in the production of long shelf-life juices highlights significant achievements in several key areas. First, this concerns ensuring the safety of the final product. Second, special attention is paid to the quality and nutritional value of juices. Automation of processes and the application of intelligent management systems promise to significantly enhance efficiency and control over production processes. The successful implementation of these advanced methods will allow manufacturers not only to meet the growing demands of consumers but also to guarantee high quality, safety, and nutritional value of juice products. Furthermore, these measures help maintain competitiveness in the market. The future of long shelf-life juice production is linked to the integration of the latest technological advancements. A comprehensive approach to quality management at all stages of the production cycle is becoming a necessity for successful operation in this industry.

Salvia hispanica, also known as chia, is a herbaceous plant belonging to the mint family. These seeds are widely cultivated commercially in countries suc h as Mexico, Guatemala, Bolivia, Australia, Peru, Argentina, as well as in America and Europe. Salvia hispanica has long been recognized as an important product in ancient civilizations, where its seeds were a staple diet. Chia seeds are an excellent source of macronutrients and various bioactive compounds. Numerous studies have confirmed their positive effects on human health due to their unique chemical composition. These seeds contain significant amounts of polyphenols, which have powerful antioxidant properties. Chia seeds, flour, oil, and mucilage (gel) are used to create new products. Chia has been successfully integrated into a variety of food and beverage products, including meat products, sports drinks, baked goods, ice cream, frozen desserts, snacks, dairy products, functional drinks, and glutenfree products. The nutritional and technological benefits of chia include improved fatty acid profile, increased antioxidant activity, use as a fat substitute, and overall improved nutritional value. In addition, chia seeds are a versatile ingredient for a variety of culinary applications. Functional foods are becoming increasingly popular, especially in developed economies. This is due to changing lifestyles and growing interest in the benefits of bioactive dietary components. Incorporating chia seeds into formulations can contribute to the creation of functional foods by adding additional dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, and plant protein. Chia seeds have promising potential as a functional ingredient due to their outstanding nutritional profile.

The article provides a review of the current state and prospects for the development of sheep farming in the Republic of Buryatia, an analysis of the dynamics and structure of the sheep population, their breed composition and productivity. Currently, there are 301.5 thousand heads of sheep in the republic, which is 35.2% of the structure of the herd of agricultural animals. The number of breeding animals has currently increased to 43.2 thousand heads, which is 6.2% of the total population. Six breeding plants and 17 breeding reproducers operate on the basis of 29 certificates for breeding agricultural animals of 10 breeds. Breeding sheep are kept  in three farms: two farms are engaged in breeding sheep of the Buryat coarse-wool breed Buubey and one farm - sheep of the Buryat type of the Transbaikal fine-wool breed. Scientists of the Buryat Research Institute of Agriculture – a branch of the Siberian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences have begun work on improving the productive qualities of the Buryat coarse-wool breed of sheep Buubey based on the genetic potential of the Dorper breed. Targeted selection and breeding work to improve the productive qualities of sheep and create an intensive livestock farming system using combined technologies for keeping animals and providing a feed base will allow creating a breed and types of early maturing, polyestrous, welladapted to local conditions sheep of the meat direction of productivity.

In the conditions of farming enterprises united in a cooperative, the results of crosses of dairy and meat cattle in the areas of productivity were studied. Two crossing schemes were implemented. In the first case, heifers of the Holstein breed were inseminated with the seed of Hereford bulls, in the second case, heifers of the Hereford breed were inseminated with the seed of the Jersey breed. As part of the study, two groups of crossbreeds of the first generation were formed: the Holstein breed × Hereford breed (GL x GR) and the Hereford breed × Jersey breed (GR x J). The results of calving were evaluated, including the duration of pregnancy, the yield of calves, the ease of calving and the presence of postpartum pathologies in cows. The live weight of the bulls received was recorded at birth, as well as at the ages of 6, 12 and 14 months. The results obtained were compared both between groups and with the average values typical for the parent breeds. It was found that in the first group, the live weight of calves at birth was 28.3 kg, which is 29% lower than the average weight of calves of the Holstein breed, which is important for the ease of calving. In the second group, the weight of newborn calves was average between the paternal and maternal breeds and amounted to 23.1. Throughout the growing period, the crossbreeds between the Holstein and Hereford breeds showed a high growth rate and at the age of 14 months had a live weight of 467 kg, which is at the level of purebred Herefords. The young from the crossing of the Hereford and Jersey breeds had a significantly lower growth rate, but they were distinguished by good killing qualities.

The results of the forest management study in accordance with the forest management instruction approved by the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation «On approval of forest management Instruction» dated 29.03.2018 № 122 (registration with the Ministry of Justice dated 20.04.2018 No. 50859) are considered. Based on the results of the study of the taxation characteristics of the design object, an analysis of reproduction, improvement of the species composition and quality of forests, increase in their productivity, and design of measures for the protection, protection, and reproduction of forests are provided. A forest, as a collection of forest vegetation, land, wildlife, and other environmental components, has important ecological, economic, and social significance. In order to use forests in the interests of humans without harming the environment, it is necessary to make an inventory of them and organize forestry in them. Forest management is a system of measures to ensure the rational use of the forest fund and improve the efficiency of forest management. Purposes. The design of operational forests, protective forests, reserve forests, as well as specially protected forest areas is carried out in order to subdivide forests into types for their intended purpose and allocate specially protected forest areas in these forests. Methodologies. In the process of researching the design problem, the method of age classes, the method based on the formation of economic sections, and the precinct method were used. Results. The block of these quarters is characterized by an uneven distribution of plant areas by age classes, overgrown plantings predominate. In the block of quarters being developed, the main use is carried out in the form of continuous cutting of operational forests. The forest area is characterized by a predominance of coniferous species, mainly Korean cedar.

In the context of growing global challenges related to climate change, geopolitical instability and population growth, changing patterns of redistribution of food products, and the sanctioned food policy of unfriendly States, food security issues are becoming particularly important. One of the key factors influencing the level and sustainability of the state’s food sovereignty is the legal mechanisms for regulating the turnover of agricultural land. Agricultural land is a limited and irreplaceable resource, on the effective and rational use of which the country’s level of self-sufficiency in food largely depends. In this regard, the question arises as to how well the current land legislation copes with the issues of ensuring food security in the Russian Federation. The present study is aimed at analyzing the legal problems related to the turnover of agricultural land, identifying gaps and conflicts in legislation, as well as formulating proposals for its improvement, taking into account the goals of the national food policy. In the course of summarizing the results of the study of legal problems of legislative provision of food security in land relations, the author suggests measures of legal modernization: revision of procedures for the seizure of unused land with simplification of the judicial and administrative response mechanism; establishment of restrictions on the participation of foreign persons and offshore structures in the turnover of such lands in order to ensure food security; the introduction of modern state control technologies such as satellite monitoring and data analysis using artificial intelligence; the expansion of the system of tax and financial incentives for bona fide users who involve abandoned land in circulation; as well as the development of agricultural cooperatives, giving them priority in the allocation of unclaimed land and access to government support measures.

The growth in the number of registered sole proprietors is closely related to the activities of organizations whose activities are aimed at providing all possible measures to support SMEs. Such organizations not only make a profit, but also stimulate the development of entrepreneurship in the region, which has a positive effect on its economic security. The services provided by such organizations are often aimed at helping to obtain subsidies, grants, loans, the provision of property for use, the performance of certain jobs and training for specific types of activities. The largest representative of such organizations in the Irkutsk region is the My Business Center Foundation. The Fund provides an abundance of services aimed at supporting and stimulating the activities of small and medium-sized businesses. These include: training in the basics of entrepreneurship; consultations on various issues related to doing business; assistance in obtaining subsidies and various benefits; marketing services; market analysis both within the region and when exporting; website design and brand promotion in a digital environment; provision of a workspace in a coworking center; guarantee activities by providing guarantees for obtaining a loan from the vast majority of banks in the Irkutsk region, and much more. The main client base of the Fund is individual entrepreneurs of the Irkutsk region in general and the city of Irkutsk in particular. The Fund regularly provides a wide range of services and the demand for these services is steadily growing. Thanks to the support of My Business, hundreds of sole proprietors start and develop their activities, ensuring the economic growth of the region and stimulating the strengthening of its economic security. The My Business Center Foundation is not an Irkutsk organization. Its branches are located in almost all regions of the Russian Federation. The Irkutsk branch occupies one of the leading positions among the Fund’s branches in the Siberian Federal District. The local branch of the fund is ahead of the vast majority of similar ones in the above-mentioned district in such characteristics as: capitalization (the size of financial assets), the number of guarantees issued since the beginning of activity, the amount of guarantees issued since the beginning of activity, regression (compensation for losses incurred in connection with the fulfillment of obligations by the Fund), the total amount of existing guarantees issued, the number ofvo partners represented by banks and other credit institutions, etc. In the rating of branches of the My Business Center Foundation in terms of the number of positive indicators in which the branch has an above-average value, in 2025 the Irkutsk branch occupies a confident place, second only to the branch of the Novosibirsk region.

The purpose of the study is to consider the strategic tools for the spatial development of rural areas in the context of the state program «Integrated Development of Rural Areas in the Novosibirsk Region». The article presents an overview of regulatory legal acts on the topic of «spatial development of rural areas»”. Based on the bibliometric analysis, relevant articles were selected, the contribution of Russian scientists to the theory of spatial development was studied. The result of the empirical study was a map of the key settlements of the Novosibirsk Region. The strategic aspects of the spatial development of rural areas (socio-economic and socially-oriented aspects, spatial organization and sustainability of development) were analyzed. Strategic tools for the spatial development of rural areas are identified. The main problems of the development of rural areas in the Novosibirsk Region and their focus on infrastructure development are identified; directions for solving these problems are shown. The goals, objectives, indicators, as well as the results of the implemented activities within the framework of the state program of the Novosibirsk Region «Integrated Development of Rural Areas in the Novosibirsk Region» for the period 2020-2024 are considered. The article presents the results of an expert assessment of the quality of strategies for the socio-economic development of municipal entities in the Novosibirsk Region according to the integrated assessment methodology. In conclusion, conclusions are made on the prospects for further research.

The municipality, being the primary link in the local government system, is the fundamental basis for the socio-economic development of both the region and the country as a whole. Its ability to withstand internal and external challenges, rationally use available resources and ensure stable functioning of economic mechanisms directly determines the quality of life of the population and the prospects for long-term development of the territory. Local governments play a key role in ensuring the economic security of municipalities, implementing powers to manage municipal property, local finances, promoting entrepreneurship, attracting investment and implementing development programs. The methodology for assessing economic security proposed by Zh. A. Mingaleva, based on 12 indicators, allows for a comprehensive analysis of the economic, social and environmental spheres of the municipality, identifying crisis and pre-crisis conditions. Assessment of the economic security of a municipality using the methodology of Zh. A. Mingaleva showed a mixed state: safe in terms of budget expenditures, enterprise profitability, unemployment and emissions, but crisis and pre-crisis in terms of investments, asset depreciation, economic diversification, population income and environmental costs. The assessment allows us to identify key vulnerabilities in the municipal economic system; determine the potential for sustainable development of the territory; develop targeted measures to reduce economic risks and optimize management decisions at the local level. The results of the study confirm the need for regular monitoring of economic security indicators of municipalities as a tool for increasing the efficiency of local government and ensuring sustainable development of territories. The proposed methodology can be adapted for other municipalities, taking into account their industry and territorial specifics.

The article discusses the assessment of the region’s food security level using the example of the Zabaykalsky Krai. The analysis reveals a five-year trend in the production of the region’s main food products, which shows a slight increase in some types of products and a significant increase in grain production. However, the same period also demonstrates a decrease in the consumption of the region’s main food products, with the exception of bread and potatoes. The article calculates the coefficients of food import coverage and self-sufficiency, which are at a low and unsustainable level in the Zabaykalsky Krai. The economic availability of food in the region has been determined through the coefficients of poverty and purchasing power of the population’s income, which is also at a low and unacceptable level. The results of a comprehensive analysis indicate that during the period of 2018-2022, the level of food security in the Zabaykalsky Krai remained low and unacceptable for most indicators. To improve the region’s food security, it is proposed to increase the production of agricultural products, raw materials, and food, taking into account the soil and climatic conditions; establish connections with other regions of the Russian Federation and foreign countries to supply food and raw materials for production to the Zabaykalsky Krai; promote cooperation and integration, and provide support to agricultural producers at the regional level.

Transformation processes occur sequentially through a number of dynamic processes, one of which is a structural shift. Structural shifts can be characterized as qualitative changes in the results between equivalent elements of a macroeconomic system. They are caused by an imbalance in their occurrence and represent a change in the influence of agents of economic life in the distribution of economic resources. The subject of the study is the agricultural sectors of agriculture in the region. The purpose of the article is to study structural shifts in the agricultural sector of the Irkutsk region in the context of agricultural entities. This guide analyzes the dynamics of structural shifts in the production of agricultural products, both in general in all farms and in the context of crop production and livestock in all forms of farming, as well as in the occupied area of all forms of farming. An increase in the share of production in the agricultural sector of peasant farms and a decrease in the share of agricultural organizations are revealed. The analysis shows that peasant farms of the Irkutsk region measure the size of production and sales of agricultural products. On the one hand, there is growth in production through rapid enlargement of the size of peasant (farm) households and smooth adaptation of farm production to market relations; on the other hand, there is a gradual renewal of technology and improvement of technological processes.

The publication mainly based on the analysis of the literature flow over the past decade and a half presents a picture of the release of works on the development of fisheries in the Stone Age in Northern Asia. Information about publishing centers was provided, the composition of editors and reviewers, the circulation and typology of works were determined. In some cases, the structure of the works is considered. A significant part of the work is devoted to presenting the views of modern authors on the development of fishing in the Stone Age. It is concluded that the active development of fishing has been observed since the Neolithic era. River, lake, and marine coastal fishing, marine St. John’s wort fishing, and aquaculture were developed. The researchers determined the time of the origin of fishing in various territories, its place in the economy, the types of fish caught, and gave characteristics of fishing equipment.