Современные методы предварительной обработки для повышения качества и пищевой ценности сухофруктов: обзор

Традиционные пищевые привычки, включающие употребление ультраобработанных продуктов с низкой калорийностью, высоким содержанием сахара и соли, а также недостаточное потребление свежих фруктов и овощей, отрицательно влияют на здоровье человека. Из-за сезонности сырья и ограниченного доступа к свежим фруктам и овощам данные продукты зачастую присутствуют на рынке в сушеном виде, что обеспечивает их длительный срок хранения. Цель данного исследования – обзор и анализ современных технологий и способов получения качественных сушеных фруктов и закусок на их основе, обладающих высокой пищевой ценностью и приемлемыми органолептическими показателями. В качестве материалов для настоящего обзора использованы результаты научных исследований, опубликованные в период 2015–2025 гг. Научный поиск источников по теме исследования проводили по ключевым словам в библиографических базах Scopus, Web of science, PubMed и Google Scholar. Анализ данных выполнен с их систематизацией, обобщением, промежуточными выводами и общим заключением. Обзор научных публикаций показал, что с целью обеспечения высокой пищевой ценности, максимального сохранения биологически активных соединений, качества и безопасности, длительного срока хранения сушёных фруктов и закусок применяют различные современные нетермические методы предварительной обработки перед сушкой, такие как импульсное электрическое поле, ультразвуковая обработка, высокогидростатическая обработка, импульсный свет и холодная плазма. Вакуумная пропитка, осмотическое обезвоживание перед сушкой способствуют повышению пищевой ценности сухофруктов, а также энергоэффектвности процесса сушки. Важный и перспективный подход к производству сушеных закусок предполагает вовлечение побочных продуктов пищевой промышленности, включая отходы фруктов. Эта стратегия не только решает проблемы пищевых отходов, но и создает закуски или ингредиенты, богатые питательными веществами. Дальнейшие исследования должны быть направлены на установление оптимальных режимов обработки сырья с целью повышения энергоэффективности процесса сушки плодоовощного сырья при производстве закусок с максимальным сохранением пищевой ценности, улучшением органолептических показателей качества и повышением общей приемлемости для потребителей.

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