ORGANOLEPTIC AND PALYNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HONEY: THE REVIEW OF THE MODERN CONDITION OF TECHNIQUES, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE MONOFLORAL RUSSIAN HONEY TYPES

An overview of the current state of methods of organoleptic and palynological analysis of honey is given. A brief description of the history of their development is given, as well as the key problems faced by honey sommeliers and palynologists today. The main criteria for evaluating honey organoleptics used in Russia and Europe are described. The article describes the differences between Russian standards and European analogues, which are expressed in a more detailed study of the criteria in Europe, different approaches to the interpretation of the term «aroma», and the presence of an extremely subjective criterion «pleasant”in Russian standards. Analysis of pollen characteristics of the main Russian monoflora honey (Linden, sunflower and buckwheat species), most of which are produced in large volumes in Europe, allowed us to identify a very high diversity. In particular, for monoflora Linden honey, the minimum content of Linden pollen in the spectra varies from 1 to 30 %. For sunflower pollen in sunflower honey, this minimum corresponds to 12-50 %. Only buckwheat honey has similar indicators and is equal to 30 %. Taking into account the above-described diversity ofpollen standards and differences in the detail of organoleptic analysis, we studied pollen and organoleptic characteristics of Russian monoflora honey species (30 samples from the Republic of Bashkortostan) using generally accepted methods. When considering the aggregate results, it was found that the standards for Russian Linden honey primarily require additions, which is associated with the manifestation of the organoleptics of Linden honey in samples with a very low content of Linden pollen in the spectra (6 %). Exceptions were also found when analyzing samples of buckwheat and sunflower types of honey. In General, the conducted work clearly showed the existing gaps in the palynological and organoleptic standards for the main monoflora honey of Russia.

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