Studying the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and development of piza in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

Paisa (Latin: Echinochloa frumentacea), an annual herbaceous plant, is commonly known as Japanese millet or bread grass. It is used as a grain or, more often, a fodder crop. In Siberia, this crop is relatively new, and its green mass is used for fodder purposes due to its richness in vitamins, amino acids, fiber, beneficial macro- and micronutrients, and other substances necessary for maintaining normal bodily functions.

Due to its unique properties and biological characteristics, payza can grow and develop well throughout the entire growing season, even in conditions of insufficient nutrition and various climatic conditions. [3]. This feature makes payza one of the most promising fodder crops in Western Siberia. cultivation of this crop is hindered by the lack of a scientific basis and practical approaches to cultivation technology, which results in the incomplete realization of its biological potential. This problem can be solved by improving cultivation technology and, in particular, by using mineral nitrogen fertilizers. Due to its characteristics, paisa requires nitrogen throughout the entire growing season, especially during the tillering and earing stages. It should be noted that an excess of nitrogen can lead to excessive accumulation of nitrates in the biomass, overgrowth of plants, prolongation of the main phases of development, delay in maturation, and reduced resistance to early autumn frosts, which is particularly pronounced in Siberian conditions.

The study found that mineral nitrogen fertilizers increase the duration of the vegetation period by 3 to 5 days in all phases of growth and development, which provides an average of 20 to 25 days.

The growth and development of plants are largely influenced by the use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers. For example, the height of plants in the fertilized variants was more than 30% higher than in the control variant, while the number of shoots varied by 7-12% depending on the variant.

The yield of green mass is usually affected by the yield structure, which in turn depends on the fertilizers used. On average, the fertilized variants produced 27-35% more green mass than the control, resulting in an average yield of 323.2-313.5 kg per hectare.

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