CREATION AND STUDY OF THE SELECTION VALUE OF RESTORED CORN LINES FROM TETRAPLOID POPULATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF KABARDINO-BALKARIA

The modern selection of hybrid maize requires constant updating and expansion of the diversity of the original selection material. For this purpose, it is used a variety of methods, including polyploidy. The first experimental polyploidy showed the promise of this direction in breeding except for grain crops. The first autopolyploids of grain crops showed low female and male fertility. The opinions of scientists about the causes leading to low fertility of autopolyploid cereals, varied. V. S. Scherbak and E. B. Khatefov put forward a hypothesis about a possible increase in grain productivity by conducting a long recurrent selection in tetraploid populations in order to «diploidize» raw tetraploids. The results of their studies showed that the higher the genetic basis and genetic polymorphism of the genome of tetraploid maize, the higher its fertility. In the process of interaction of multivalent chromosome associations in the tetraploid genome, a «genomic shock» occurs. In the process of selection of highly prolific genotypes, complex interchromosomal rearrangements occur between four homologous chromosomes. Consequently, it is possible to expect that the polymorphism of such chromosomes will be greater for a chiasmatic interaction between homologous chromosomes of different parent pairs. Having decomposed such a tetraploid population into diploid homozygous lines, it is possible to expect greater polymorphism than with the usual pair crossing of two diploid lines. Based on this assumption, studies were carried out on the decomposition of the tetraploid population into homozygous diploid lines followed by a detailed analysis of their breeding value. The results of the studies showed the effectiveness of the method of re-fertilization with the aim of obtaining the initial selection material with a broad polymorphism of the variability of the characteristics and their breeding value.

corn, polyploidy, theosinte, trypsacum, phylogeny, diploid, tetraploid, hybridization, selection

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